Capsules & Supps Flashcards
Are hard or soft shells used for extemporaneous compounding?
Hard shells
Soft shells require specialized equipment
What are the benefits of oral solid, tablets and capsules?
- convenient to take and carry
- easily identified and attractive appearance
- easy to make, package and ship
- solids tend to be more stable
packing of particles depends on:
- shape
- cohesiveness
- short-range motion
- external forces
What are the 5 steps for capsule filling calculations?
- select shell size
- fill separate shells with drug and excipient and record net weights
- calculate each drug’s diluent displacement
- calculate amount of diluent needed for each capsule
- calculate total amount of drugs and diluent you will need for all capsules
What are suppositories?
- solid dose forms for insertion into the body orifices
- they then melt, soften or dissolve and release drug for local or systemic effects
What is the usual shape and dose for anal suppositories?
- bullet shape
- 2 grams
What kind of action do suppositories have?
- local effect to treat pain, inflammation and itchiness (hemorrhoids, other anal conditions)
- contains local anesthetics, analgesics, vasoconstrictors, astringents, emollients, protective agents
- treats constipation (glycerin with mildly irritate and lubricate)
- can contain laxative agents
What are vaginal suppositories used for?
- local effect
- contraceptive
- antiseptics for local effect
What is the systemic effects of suppositories?
- treat nausea and vomiting
- treat migraine headaches
What are the advantages of the systemic effects of suppositories?
- bypasses GI tract and first-pass metabolism
- alternative for stomach-irritating drugs
- good if pt is vomiting or unconscious
What are the disadvantages of systemic suppositories?
- absorption is erratic with inter-pt variability
- what may work for one pt, may not for another
What are the physiological factors that affect suppository absorption?
- only 2-3ml of mucus in rectum
- absorption efficient due to large SA and blood/lymph access
- conditions like diarrhea, inflammation, tissue dehydration, tumor/polyps will affect absorption
- drugs avoid first pass metabolism…picked up by blood and lymph circulation
What are the physiochemical factors that affect suppository absorption?
- empty colon has neutral pH with little buffer
- ionic form of drug administered will not be affected
- solubility, particle size, partition coefficient will affect extent/rate of absorption
- properties of base (melts or dissolves…hydrophilic/phobic)
A suppository base must:
- be solid at room temp
- melt, soften or dissolve at body temp
Describe an oleaginous suppository base.
- cocoa butter
- MP = 30-36
- can add semi-synthetic bases that don’t lower MP
- good for rectal irriation
- has smoothing emollient
