Capnogram Flashcards

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1
Q

Phase I

A
  • -Inspiratory baseline
  • -Should have no CO2 reading
  • -Inspiration and first part of expiration
  • -Dead space gas exhaled
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2
Q

Phase II

A
  • -Expiratory upstroke
  • -Sharp upstroke represents rising CO2 level in sample
  • -Slope determined by evenness of alveolar emptying
  • -Mixture of dead space and alveolar gas (mostly dead space)
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3
Q

Phase III

A
  • -Alveolar plateau
  • -Constant or slight upstroke
  • -Longest phase
  • -Alveolar gas sampled
  • -Peak at end of plateau is where reading is taken (PetCO2).
  • -Normal = 30-40 mmHg
  • -Reflection of PaCO2
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4
Q

Phase IV

A
  • -Beginning of inspiration (should be direct drop off, 0 CO2)
  • -CO2 concentration: rapid decline to inspired value
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5
Q

Alpha Angle

A
  • -Normal 100-110 degrees

- -Increased = expiratory airflow obstruction (COPD, Bronchospasm, Kinked ETT)

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6
Q

Beta Angle

A
  • -Normal 90 degrees
  • -Fresh gas does not contain CO2 therefore capnogram should return to baseline (zero)
  • -Increased = rebreathing (very specific to faulty inspiratory valve or exhausted CO2 absorbent)
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