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Spanish III > Capítulo 8 - Paso 1 Gramática > Flashcards

Capítulo 8 - Paso 1 Gramática Flashcards

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1
Q

se impersonal (generalizations for people, one, we, you, etc.)

A

se + él form of the verb + an adverb/infinitve/phrase

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2
Q

se pasivo (generalizations without indicating who does it)

A
  1. se + él form of verb + singular noun

2. se + ellos form of verb + plural noun

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3
Q

How do we create generalizations with reflexive verbs? (there are three ways)

A
  1. uno + él form of the reflexive verb: “En Venezuela, uno se levanta temprano normalmente.”
  2. ellos form of the reflexive verb: “En Venezuela, se levantan temprano normalmente.”
  3. se acostumbra + reflexive infinitive: “En Venezuela, se acostumbra levantarse temprano.”
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4
Q

Complete the sentence with the se impersonal or se pasivo: En astronomía, (observar / pedir) _______ los planetas.

A

se observan (se pasivo)

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5
Q

Complete the sentence with the se impersonal or se pasivo: En inglés, (dar / leer) _______ la literatura de varios países.

A

se lee (se pasivo)

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6
Q

Complete the sentence with the se impersonal or se pasivo: En psicología, (hablar / lavar) _____ de las teorías de Freud y Pavlov.

A

se habla (se impersonal)

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7
Q

What is the general rule for -ar verbs in the present tense?

A

o, as, a, amos, an

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8
Q

What is the general rule for -er and -ir verbs in the present tense?

A
  • er: o, es, e, emos, en

- ir: o, es, e, imos, en

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9
Q

What 10 verbs are o –> ue in the present tense (not in the nosotros form)?

A
  1. dormir
  2. morir
  3. poder
  4. volver
  5. soñar
  6. jugar
  7. almorzar
  8. encontrar
  9. llover - always to llueve
  10. costar - always to cuesta or cuestan
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10
Q

What 10 verbs are o –> ue in the present tense (not in the nosotros form)?

A
  1. dormir
  2. morir
  3. poder
  4. volver
  5. soñar
  6. jugar
  7. almorzar
  8. encontrar
  9. llover - always to llueve
  10. costar - always to cuesta or cuestan
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11
Q

What 8 verbs are e –> ie in the present tense (besides the nosotros form)?

A
  1. perder - to lose
  2. entender
  3. comenzar - to begin
  4. pensar
  5. mentir
  6. preferir
  7. querer
  8. tener (tengo is the exception)
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12
Q

What 4 verbs are e –> i in the present tense (besides nosotros)?

A
  1. competir
  2. pedir
  3. servir
  4. sonreír - to smile (reír - to laugh)
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13
Q

What 4 verbs are -go in the yo form in the present tense (otherwise normal)?

A
  1. salir - to go out, to leave
  2. traer (traigo)
  3. hacer
  4. poner
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14
Q

What 4 verbs are special -go verb stem changers in the present tense?

A
  1. decir - digo/then e–>i
  2. venir - vengo/then e–>ie
  3. seguir - sigo/then e–>i
  4. oír - oigo/oyes/oye/oímos/oyen
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15
Q

What is the special rule with verbs ending in -cir or -cer in the present tense?

A

-zco in the yo (conduzco and conozco)

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16
Q

What is special about dar in the present tense?

A 
doy
das
da
damos
dan
17
Q

What is special about saber in the present tense?

A 
sé
sabes
sabe
sabemos
saben
18
Q

What are the 2 o –> ue reflexive verbs in the present tense?

A
  1. acostarse - to go to bed

2. dormirse - to fall asleep

19
Q

What are the 3 e –> ie reflexive verbs in the present tense?

A
  1. despertarse - to wake up
  2. divertirse
  3. sentarse
20
Q

What is the 1 e –> i reflexive verb in the present tense?

A

vestirse

21
Q

What are the 4 reflexive verbs that are normal in the present tense?

A
  1. lavarse
  2. bañarse
  3. peinarse
  4. ponerse - me pongo in the yo (*exception)
22
Q

What is the general rule for preterite -ar verbs?

A 
é
aste
ó
amos
aron
23
Q

What is the general rule for preterite -er and -ir verbs?

A 
í
iste
ió
imos
ieron
24
Q

What is the general rule for preterite -car, -gar, -zar verbs

A

-CAR needs a “QU”
and for -GAR add a “U”,
-ZAR goes to “C”
and it’s only for me (yo form)!

25
Q

What is the general rule for the preterite tense of leer and oír?

A 
í
íste
yó
ímos
yeron
26
Q

How do we know if a verb in the preterite tense is a stem-changer?

A

If an -ir verb stem changes in the present tense, it also stem changes in the preterite tense. No need to worry about -er or -ar verbs (unless it’s irregular)

Also, only e–>i and o–>u, no ie and ue!

27
Q

What are the two irregular verbs in the preterite that are the same and what are their conjugations?

A 
ir / ser
fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fueron
28
Q

What are the group 1 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

A 
ver / dar
vi / di
viste / diste
vio / dio
vimos / dimos
vieron / dieron
29
Q

What are the group 2 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

A 
poner / poder / saber
puse / pude / supe
pusiste / pudiste / supiste
puso / pudo / supo
pusimos / pudimos / supimos
pusieron / pudieron / supieron
30
Q

What are the group 3 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

A 
andar / estar / tener
anduve / estuve / tuve
anduviste / estuviste / tuviste
anduvo / estuvo / tuvo
anduvimos / estuvimos / tuvimos
anduvieron / estuvieron / tuvieron
31
Q

What are the group 4 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

A 
hacer / querer / venir
hice / quise / vine
hiciste / quisiste / viniste
hizo / quiso / vino
hicimos / quisimos / vinimos
hicieron / quisieron / vinieron
32
Q

What are the group 5 irregular verbs in the preterite and their conjugations?

A

decir / traer/ conducir / producir / traducir
dije / traje / conduje / produje / traduje
dijiste / trajiste / condujiste / produjiste / tradujiste
dijo / trajo / condujo / produjo / tradujo
dijimos / trajimos / condujimos / produjimos / tradujimos
dijeron / trajeron / condujeron / produjeron / tradujeron

33
Q

What three special verb phrases can we use to refer to the future without using the future tense?

A
  1. ir + a + infinitive: going to (do something)
  2. pensar + infinitive: intend/plan to (do something)
  3. esperar + infinitive: expect/hope to (do something)
33
Q

What three special verb phrases can we use to refer to the future without using the future tense?

A
  1. ir + a + infinitive: going to (do something)
  2. pensar + infinitive: intend/plan to (do something)
  3. esperar + infinitive: expect/hope to (do something)

Spanish III (8 decks)

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