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Physiology > Capillaries > Flashcards

Capillaries Flashcards

0
Q

Capillary Structure

A
  • single layer
  • extensively branched
  • low blood volume (large SA)
  • slow velocity
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1
Q

Capillary Function

A

Sites for exchange

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2
Q

Capillary Structure is

A

ideal for exchange

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3
Q

Capillary density

A

tissue dependent

  • skeletal m. and heart are capillary dense
  • cartilage/fat = low capillary density
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4
Q

Capillaries also do..

A

nutritional/non-nutritional flow

heat removal

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5
Q

Capillary wall structure

A

consists of endothelium & basement membrane. thin walls & small lumen diamenter

optimal for exchange

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6
Q

Capillary permeability

A

varies depending on organ/tissue supplied

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7
Q

Types of capillary permeability

A
  1. Continuous
  2. Fenestrated
  3. Sinusoidal
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8
Q

Continuous capillary location

A

brain (NO pores)
muscle
adipose
lymph nodes

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9
Q

Fenestrated capillary location

A

kidney
intestines
colon
exocrine glands

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10
Q

Sinusoidal capillary location

A

liver
spleen
pituitary gland
bone marrow

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11
Q

Capillary blood flow controlled by…

A
  1. Arterioles
  2. Metarterioles
  3. Precapillary sphincters
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12
Q

Metarterioles

A

can bypass system if capillary bed doesn’t need blood OR permit it to flow

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13
Q

precapillary sphincters

A
  • appear to be innervated sympathetcially
  • high degree of myogenic tone
  • sensitive to metabolic factors
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14
Q

Transcapillary exchange

A

processes of solvent & solute movement across capillary walls

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15
Q

Types of transcapillary exchange

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Filtration/Absorption
  3. Pinocytosis
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16
Q

Diffusion

A

movement from high to low concentration

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17
Q

types of transcapillary exchange diffusion

A
  • transcellular

- paracellular

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18
Q

FIltration/Absorption (bulk flow)

A

volume of protein-free fluid filtered out of capillary into ISF or absorbed into capillary from ISF

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19
Q

Purpose of Filtration/Absorption transcapillary exchange

A

keep plasma volume at normal level

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20
Q

Pinocytosis

A

vesicular transport

least utilized mechanism of trancapillary exchange

21
Q

Things affecting transcapillary exchange

A
  1. Permeability
  2. Surface area
  3. Concentration gradient
22
Q

Permeability coefficient

A

decreases as molecular radius increases

23
Q

Lipid soluble substance diffuse by

A

transcellular route

24
Q

Small water soluble solutes diffuse by

A

paracellular route

25
Q

Capillary exchange of water occurs as

A

bulk flow

important in ECF distribution

26
Q

Driving forces for fluid movement

A
  1. Hydrostatic pressures

2. Colloid osmotic or oncotic pressures

27
Q

hydrostatic pressures

A

exerted by fluid across capillary wall

28
Q

colloid osmotic/oncotic pressure

A

exerted by proteins across capillary wall

29
Q

Fluid filtration/reabsorption dictated by

A

hydrostatic & oncotic pressures

30
Q

Capillary pressure

A

pushes fluid out of capillary to decrease total plamsa volume

31
Q

interstitial fluid pressure

A

pushes fluid into capillaries

32
Q

plasma colloid osmotic pressure

A

pulls H2O into capillary via osmosis

33
Q

Interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure

A

pulls H2O out of vascular bed

34
Q

movement depends on

A

which pressure gradient is the highest

35
Q

What determines if fluid leaves capillary beds?

A

hydrostatic pressure gradient is higher than colloid osmotic pressure gradient

36
Q

What determines if fluid enters vascular space?

A

Hydrostatic pressure gradient is less than colloid osmotic pressure gradient

37
Q

Absorption in capillary beds

A

occurs when capillary beds are in series because 2nd capillary bed has decreased hydrostatic pressure due to loss of fluid in 1st capillary

38
Q

Hemodynamic forces affect

A

capillary hydrostatic pressure & direction/magnitude of transcapillary fluid movement

39
Q

Hemodynamic forces do

A

^ arterial or venous pressure
^ arterial resistance
^ venous resistance

40
Q

arterial resistance is

A

a principal determinant of capillary hydrostatic pressure

41
Q

Pinocytosis

A

vesicular transport of MACROMOLECULES across capillary wall

42
Q

Caveolae

A
  • coated pits in capillary wall

- may form channels through cell for transport across membrane

43
Q

Limits to pinocytosis

A

molecular radius

-molecules must fit into caveolae

44
Q

Another name for pinocytosis

A

Transcytosis

45
Q

High metabolic demand induces

A

capillary recruitment

46
Q

When metabolic demand increases

A
  • more capillaries open

- smaller tissue area is supplied per capillary

47
Q

Capillaries serve __ amount of tissue

A

can be larger or smaller depending on metabolic demand

48
Q

Capillary recruitment

A
  • alternating areas of tissues have open/closed capillaries constantly.
  • even under resting conditions, capillaries alternate opening and closing
49
Q

Better blood supply given

A

when more capillaries are open

50
Q

Molecular transport limited by..

A

blood flow to the area or diffusion from capillary to tissue/cells

51
Q

Limitations in molecule transport can be overcome by

A

increasing capillary density

Physiology (10 decks)

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