CAP Test 2016 3rd Year Flashcards
1
Q
In advanced CKD, what are often needed to maintain serum phosphate within the normal range?
A
phosphate binders
2
Q
Does phosphate tend to be low or high in CKD?
A
high
3
Q
Under what level of iron in the blood should require blood transfusion rather than just oral iron?
A
8g/l
4
Q
When is IV iron indicated?
A
if there is no response to oral iron or a rapid increase in haemoglobin is needed e.g. major surgery
5
Q
If one pill was missed in a pack, what should be advised?
A
take the missing pill now, resume as normal with next pill
6
Q
When should extra measures be taken with missed contraceptive pills?
A
if two or more pills have been missed
7
Q
What colour is CSF in viral meningitis?
A
clear
8
Q
What does xanthochromic CSF suggest?
A
subarachnoid haemorrhage
9
Q
What does cloudy CSF suggest?
A
acute bacterial infection
10
Q
What colour is CSF normally or in MS?
A
clear
11
Q
What would the predominant white cells in CSF be in an acute bacterial infection?
A
neutrophils
12
Q
In whom are oligoclonal bands present?
A
MS patients (over 90%)
13
Q
Does protein level increase or decrease in an acute bacterial infection on CSF?
A
increase
14
Q
How are neutrophils recognized?
A
segmented nucleus
15
Q
Which 3 cell types have segmented nuclei?
A
neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
16
Q
How can basophils be identified?
A
purple/black striking granules
17
Q
How can eosinophils be identified?
A
red striking granules
18
Q
Are neutrophils raised in pyogenic infections?
A
yes
19
Q
What is the area responsible for receptive aphasia?
A
Wernicke’s area
20
Q
What is the area responsible for expressive aphasia?
A
Brocca’s area
21
Q
What is the area responsible for nominal aphasia?
A
angular gyrus
22
Q
What would be the cause for amenorrhea in a teenager who has never had a period, but whose breasts have developed and is a normal height and weight?
A
imperforate hymen
23
Q
Secondary amenorrhea, and previous chemotherapy?
A
POF
24
Q
Secondary amenorrhea with facial/abdominal hair growth?
A
PCOS
25
What may explain bilateral leg oedema?
low serum albumin, which could be caused by nephrotic syndrome, where proteinuria occurs
26
Dysfunction of what causes dysfunction of the posterior columns of the spinal tract?
B12
27
What is the main mechanism of action of lamotrigine?
blockage of voltage sensitive sodium channels
28
Mode of inheritance for Wilson's?
Autosomal recessive
29
Mode of inheritance for Becker's MD?
X linked recessive
30
Mode of inheritance for myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres?
mitochondrial
31
What is activated by the lectin, classic and alternative pathways?
c3
32
Should strength and balance training before knee replacement be recommended?
YES
33
Which abnormality of the HPA axis is associated with depression?
Cortisol non suppression following dexamethasone suppresion
34
Is anaemia common in patients with CKD? What treatment is needed?
yes, erythropoetin
35
What severity of learning disability is an IQ of 45?
moderate
36
Patient with a mother affected by breast cancer at 48, no other family history - what is risk?
slightly above population risk
37
Name a part of the peripheral nervous system containing parasympathetic nerves?
cranial nerve
38
What carries somatic sensory nerve fibres, which innervate upper limb structures?
anterior rami of thoracic and cervical spinal nerves
39
What is located in the most posterior part of the brain and is associated with the visual pathway?
calcarine sulcus
40
Flagellated protozoa, foul smelling discharge, STI?
trichomonas vaginalis
41
SPECT scan shows patchy attenuation throughout brain?
vascular dementia
42
Which hormone determines whether a woman has ovulated?
progesterone
43
Which hormone should be used to assess ovarian reserve before IVF treatment?
Anti-mullerian hormone
44
Which hormone could assess diagnosis of potential ectopic pregnancy?
HCG
45
Can chronic lung disease occur with prematurity?
no
46
List some complications associated with prematurity.
Intraventricular haemorrhage
Sepsis
Patent ductus arteriosis
RDS
47
If there is a pelvic infection eg chlamydia, what method of contraception should be used?
implant (intra uterine devices contraindicated here)
48
Anaemia, bone pain, renal failure and hypercalcaemia?
myeloma
49
Is the presence of a large paraprotein enough to be sure of the diagnosis of myeloma without a bone marrow result?
yes
50
Painless jaundice, exertional dyspnea and Direct Antiglobulin Test positive suggests what?
AUTOIMMUNE haemolytic anaemia
51
Generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes? Treatment?
status epilepticus, treatment = IV lorazepam
52
Treatment of gonnorhea?
IM ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin
53
Treatment of trichomonas?
metronidazole
54
Healthy start vitamins for pregnant women are most likey to avoid what?
rickets/osteomalacia
55
Embryo implants into uterus as a what?
blastocyst
56
With ageing, can body weight remain the same despite muscle loss?
yes
57
Screening for breast cancer?
from age 50, every 3 years
58
Diabetic retinopathy screening?
from age 12 every year
59
What type of drug is galantamine?
cholinesterase inhibitor
60
Which nerve can be injured by a pituitary adenoma?
CNII
61
Which nerve can cause pain across the posterior triangle of the neck?
CNVII
62
Name a type of cancer associated with a high CA125 index.
ovarian
63
Is warfarin contraindicated in breastfeedinh?
no
64
Is tertracycline contraindicated in breastfeeding?
yes
65
Which area of the brain is affected first in Alzheimer's?
nucleus basalis of Meynert
66
Belief of people plotting against them, talking about them, fashions weapons?
Paranoid schizophrenia
67
Voices told her to kill her baby?
Puerpal psychosis
68
What type of drug may cause gout?
benzoflumethiazide (thiazide diuretic)
69
All food has metallic taste, like someone is poisoning me?
gustatory hallucination
70
Can't get rid of bad smell no matter what, others cannot smell it
olfactory hallucination
71
Which genetic cause of learning disability increases risk of schizophrenia?
Velocardiofacial syndrome
72
URTI and macroscopic haematuria?
IgA nephropathy
73
Is haematuria a typical feature of minimal change nephropathy?
no
74
Is prenatal testing for Huntington's possible?
yes
75
When should soap and water be used?
before inserting a cannula, if hands are visibly soiled, or dealing with MRSA or c.difficile
76
Which artery is most likely to bleed during insertion of a lateral abdominal port in a female laporoscopic procedure?
inferior epigastric artery
77
Which artery is most likely to bleed during incision of a BArtholin's abscess?
inferior pudendal artery
78
Which artery is most likely to bleed during dissection of the lower end of the ureter?
uterine artery
79
With AKI, should an ultrasound always be requested?
yes
80
Green nipple discharge, lump, more common in smokers?
duct ectasia
81
minor accident + breast lump?
fat necrosis
82
Hot tender breast with overlying cellulitis, antibiotics do not fix?
inflammatory breast cancer
83
Biceps reflex, matching nerve root?
c5/6
84
ankle reflex, matching nerve root?
s1
85
Knee reflex, matching nerve root?
l3/4
86
Blood pressure tablet to reduce proteinuria eg in IgA nephropathy?
lisinopril
87
Poor memory, abnormal limb movements unable to control, family history?
Huntington's disease
88
Most abundant antibody type?
IgG
89
Antibody existing as dimer in breast milk, tears and saliva?
IgA
90
Antibody existing as pentameric molecule?
IgM
91
Does lupus cause haematuria and proteinuria?
yes
92
How may polycystic kidney disease present?
Loin pain, haematuria, family history also common
93
Universal routine neonatal check is designed to pick up what?
congenital cataract
94
What happens to blood pressure during pregnancy?
decreases in second trimester, returns to normal by third trimester
95
Which neurotransmitter is most involved in appetite and approach systems?
dopamine
96
Which artery is located inferior to the retroinguinal space
femoral
97
What doses of folic acid should non obese and obese women take?
non obese - 400mg
| obese- 5mg
98
In the early stages what characterizes diabetic nephropathy?
proteinuria
99
What do twin studies show about bipolar disorder?
has a high heritability
100
Name the extrapyramidal side effect of severe back/neck pain, unable to move, caused by administration of an anti-psychotic e.g. haloperidol?
Acute dystonic reaction
101
What are the features of metabolic syndrome (associated with atypical antipsychotic use)?
central obesity, increased risk of MI, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, insulin resistance
102
Name the extrapyramidal side effect associated with anti-psychotic use for many years, involving rapid frequent involuntary eye blinking.
tardive dyskinesia
103
Desire to void usually occurs when the bladder is what size?
250mls
104
What is an effective treatment for endometriosis and heavy menstruation?
combined oral contraceptive pill
105
In withdrawal from sedative -hypnotic drugs, what is reduced? (may cause epilepsy)
GABA
106
Which neurotransmitter is likely to be abnormal in schizophrenia?
Dopamine
107
Which neurotransmitter is likely to be abnormal in depression?
5-hydroxytryptamine
108
Abnormal head movements, neck pain, uncomfortable to keep head facing forward?
cervical dystonia
109
p53 is encoded by DNA or RNA tumour viruses?
RNA tumour viruses
110
Which hepatitis is common in the UK and spread by faecal oral route?
A
111
Vague GI and resp symptoms, achy, in nursing home?
legionella
112
Spirocheate, does not gram stain, STI?
treponema pallidum
113
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies are directed against which type of receptors?
postsynaptic Ach receptors
114
What sort of symptoms does carotid sinus hypersensitivity cause?
acute dizziness/collapse
NOT increase postural SWAY
no sway
