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Past Papers 2 > CAP Test 2016 3rd Year > Flashcards

CAP Test 2016 3rd Year Flashcards

1
Q

In advanced CKD, what are often needed to maintain serum phosphate within the normal range?

A

phosphate binders

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2
Q

Does phosphate tend to be low or high in CKD?

A

high

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3
Q

Under what level of iron in the blood should require blood transfusion rather than just oral iron?

A

8g/l

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4
Q

When is IV iron indicated?

A

if there is no response to oral iron or a rapid increase in haemoglobin is needed e.g. major surgery

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5
Q

If one pill was missed in a pack, what should be advised?

A

take the missing pill now, resume as normal with next pill

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6
Q

When should extra measures be taken with missed contraceptive pills?

A

if two or more pills have been missed

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7
Q

What colour is CSF in viral meningitis?

A

clear

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8
Q

What does xanthochromic CSF suggest?

A

subarachnoid haemorrhage

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9
Q

What does cloudy CSF suggest?

A

acute bacterial infection

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10
Q

What colour is CSF normally or in MS?

A

clear

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11
Q

What would the predominant white cells in CSF be in an acute bacterial infection?

A

neutrophils

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12
Q

In whom are oligoclonal bands present?

A

MS patients (over 90%)

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13
Q

Does protein level increase or decrease in an acute bacterial infection on CSF?

A

increase

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14
Q

How are neutrophils recognized?

A

segmented nucleus

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15
Q

Which 3 cell types have segmented nuclei?

A

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

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16
Q

How can basophils be identified?

A

purple/black striking granules

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17
Q

How can eosinophils be identified?

A

red striking granules

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18
Q

Are neutrophils raised in pyogenic infections?

A

yes

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19
Q

What is the area responsible for receptive aphasia?

A

Wernicke’s area

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20
Q

What is the area responsible for expressive aphasia?

A

Brocca’s area

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21
Q

What is the area responsible for nominal aphasia?

A

angular gyrus

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22
Q

What would be the cause for amenorrhea in a teenager who has never had a period, but whose breasts have developed and is a normal height and weight?

A

imperforate hymen

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23
Q

Secondary amenorrhea, and previous chemotherapy?

A

POF

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24
Q

Secondary amenorrhea with facial/abdominal hair growth?

A

PCOS

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25
Q

What may explain bilateral leg oedema?

A

low serum albumin, which could be caused by nephrotic syndrome, where proteinuria occurs

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26
Q

Dysfunction of what causes dysfunction of the posterior columns of the spinal tract?

A

B12

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27
Q

What is the main mechanism of action of lamotrigine?

A

blockage of voltage sensitive sodium channels

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28
Q

Mode of inheritance for Wilson’s?

A

Autosomal recessive

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29
Q

Mode of inheritance for Becker’s MD?

A

X linked recessive

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30
Q

Mode of inheritance for myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibres?

A

mitochondrial

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31
Q

What is activated by the lectin, classic and alternative pathways?

A

c3

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32
Q

Should strength and balance training before knee replacement be recommended?

A

YES

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33
Q

Which abnormality of the HPA axis is associated with depression?

A

Cortisol non suppression following dexamethasone suppresion

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34
Q

Is anaemia common in patients with CKD? What treatment is needed?

A

yes, erythropoetin

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35
Q

What severity of learning disability is an IQ of 45?

A

moderate

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36
Q

Patient with a mother affected by breast cancer at 48, no other family history - what is risk?

A

slightly above population risk

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37
Q

Name a part of the peripheral nervous system containing parasympathetic nerves?

A

cranial nerve

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38
Q

What carries somatic sensory nerve fibres, which innervate upper limb structures?

A

anterior rami of thoracic and cervical spinal nerves

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39
Q

What is located in the most posterior part of the brain and is associated with the visual pathway?

A

calcarine sulcus

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40
Q

Flagellated protozoa, foul smelling discharge, STI?

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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41
Q

SPECT scan shows patchy attenuation throughout brain?

A

vascular dementia

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42
Q

Which hormone determines whether a woman has ovulated?

A

progesterone

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43
Q

Which hormone should be used to assess ovarian reserve before IVF treatment?

A

Anti-mullerian hormone

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44
Q

Which hormone could assess diagnosis of potential ectopic pregnancy?

A

HCG

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45
Q

Can chronic lung disease occur with prematurity?

A

no

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46
Q

List some complications associated with prematurity.

A

Intraventricular haemorrhage
Sepsis
Patent ductus arteriosis
RDS

47
Q

If there is a pelvic infection eg chlamydia, what method of contraception should be used?

A

implant (intra uterine devices contraindicated here)

48
Q

Anaemia, bone pain, renal failure and hypercalcaemia?

A

myeloma

49
Q

Is the presence of a large paraprotein enough to be sure of the diagnosis of myeloma without a bone marrow result?

A

yes

50
Q

Painless jaundice, exertional dyspnea and Direct Antiglobulin Test positive suggests what?

A

AUTOIMMUNE haemolytic anaemia

51
Q

Generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting more than 5 minutes? Treatment?

A

status epilepticus, treatment = IV lorazepam

52
Q

Treatment of gonnorhea?

A

IM ceftriaxone and oral azithromycin

53
Q

Treatment of trichomonas?

A

metronidazole

54
Q

Healthy start vitamins for pregnant women are most likey to avoid what?

A

rickets/osteomalacia

55
Q

Embryo implants into uterus as a what?

A

blastocyst

56
Q

With ageing, can body weight remain the same despite muscle loss?

A

yes

57
Q

Screening for breast cancer?

A

from age 50, every 3 years

58
Q

Diabetic retinopathy screening?

A

from age 12 every year

59
Q

What type of drug is galantamine?

A

cholinesterase inhibitor

60
Q

Which nerve can be injured by a pituitary adenoma?

A

CNII

61
Q

Which nerve can cause pain across the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

CNVII

62
Q

Name a type of cancer associated with a high CA125 index.

A

ovarian

63
Q

Is warfarin contraindicated in breastfeedinh?

A

no

64
Q

Is tertracycline contraindicated in breastfeeding?

A

yes

65
Q

Which area of the brain is affected first in Alzheimer’s?

A

nucleus basalis of Meynert

66
Q

Belief of people plotting against them, talking about them, fashions weapons?

A

Paranoid schizophrenia

67
Q

Voices told her to kill her baby?

A

Puerpal psychosis

68
Q

What type of drug may cause gout?

A

benzoflumethiazide (thiazide diuretic)

69
Q

All food has metallic taste, like someone is poisoning me?

A

gustatory hallucination

70
Q

Can’t get rid of bad smell no matter what, others cannot smell it

A

olfactory hallucination

71
Q

Which genetic cause of learning disability increases risk of schizophrenia?

A

Velocardiofacial syndrome

72
Q

URTI and macroscopic haematuria?

A

IgA nephropathy

73
Q

Is haematuria a typical feature of minimal change nephropathy?

A

no

74
Q

Is prenatal testing for Huntington’s possible?

A

yes

75
Q

When should soap and water be used?

A

before inserting a cannula, if hands are visibly soiled, or dealing with MRSA or c.difficile

76
Q

Which artery is most likely to bleed during insertion of a lateral abdominal port in a female laporoscopic procedure?

A

inferior epigastric artery

77
Q

Which artery is most likely to bleed during incision of a BArtholin’s abscess?

A

inferior pudendal artery

78
Q

Which artery is most likely to bleed during dissection of the lower end of the ureter?

A

uterine artery

79
Q

With AKI, should an ultrasound always be requested?

A

yes

80
Q

Green nipple discharge, lump, more common in smokers?

A

duct ectasia

81
Q

minor accident + breast lump?

A

fat necrosis

82
Q

Hot tender breast with overlying cellulitis, antibiotics do not fix?

A

inflammatory breast cancer

83
Q

Biceps reflex, matching nerve root?

A

c5/6

84
Q

ankle reflex, matching nerve root?

A

s1

85
Q

Knee reflex, matching nerve root?

A

l3/4

86
Q

Blood pressure tablet to reduce proteinuria eg in IgA nephropathy?

A

lisinopril

87
Q

Poor memory, abnormal limb movements unable to control, family history?

A

Huntington’s disease

88
Q

Most abundant antibody type?

A

IgG

89
Q

Antibody existing as dimer in breast milk, tears and saliva?

A

IgA

90
Q

Antibody existing as pentameric molecule?

A

IgM

91
Q

Does lupus cause haematuria and proteinuria?

A

yes

92
Q

How may polycystic kidney disease present?

A

Loin pain, haematuria, family history also common

93
Q

Universal routine neonatal check is designed to pick up what?

A

congenital cataract

94
Q

What happens to blood pressure during pregnancy?

A

decreases in second trimester, returns to normal by third trimester

95
Q

Which neurotransmitter is most involved in appetite and approach systems?

A

dopamine

96
Q

Which artery is located inferior to the retroinguinal space

A

femoral

97
Q

What doses of folic acid should non obese and obese women take?

A

non obese - 400mg

obese- 5mg

98
Q

In the early stages what characterizes diabetic nephropathy?

A

proteinuria

99
Q

What do twin studies show about bipolar disorder?

A

has a high heritability

100
Q

Name the extrapyramidal side effect of severe back/neck pain, unable to move, caused by administration of an anti-psychotic e.g. haloperidol?

A

Acute dystonic reaction

101
Q

What are the features of metabolic syndrome (associated with atypical antipsychotic use)?

A

central obesity, increased risk of MI, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, insulin resistance

102
Q

Name the extrapyramidal side effect associated with anti-psychotic use for many years, involving rapid frequent involuntary eye blinking.

A

tardive dyskinesia

103
Q

Desire to void usually occurs when the bladder is what size?

A

250mls

104
Q

What is an effective treatment for endometriosis and heavy menstruation?

A

combined oral contraceptive pill

105
Q

In withdrawal from sedative -hypnotic drugs, what is reduced? (may cause epilepsy)

A

GABA

106
Q

Which neurotransmitter is likely to be abnormal in schizophrenia?

A

Dopamine

107
Q

Which neurotransmitter is likely to be abnormal in depression?

A

5-hydroxytryptamine

108
Q

Abnormal head movements, neck pain, uncomfortable to keep head facing forward?

A

cervical dystonia

109
Q

p53 is encoded by DNA or RNA tumour viruses?

A

RNA tumour viruses

110
Q

Which hepatitis is common in the UK and spread by faecal oral route?

A

A

111
Q

Vague GI and resp symptoms, achy, in nursing home?

A

legionella

112
Q

Spirocheate, does not gram stain, STI?

A

treponema pallidum

113
Q

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition in which antibodies are directed against which type of receptors?

A

postsynaptic Ach receptors

114
Q

What sort of symptoms does carotid sinus hypersensitivity cause?

A

acute dizziness/collapse
NOT increase postural SWAY
no sway

Past Papers 2 (14 decks)

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