CAP Flashcards
Which 4 angles are important in the management of hallux valgus?
Intermetatarsal angle
Hallux valgus angle
Interphalangeal angle
Distal metatarsal articular angle
What is claw hand deformity suggestive of?
Ulnar nerve injury
What provides the sensation for the anatomical snuffbox?
Radial nerve
Injury to which nerve causes wrist drop?
Radial
Which layer of the skin are keratinocytes found?
Epidermis
Where in the skin are hemi desmosomes found?
In the derma-epidermal junction
Where in the skin are fibroblasts, lymphatics and ground substance found?
Dermis
Symptoms of compartment syndrome?
Pain out of proportion, paraesthesia, pallor, paralysis, loss of pulses
What is the pressure in compartment syndrome?
> 30mmHg
What is the treatment of compartment syndrome?
Fasciotomy
What type of lenses do myopic and hypermetropic eyes need?
Myopic - concave
Hypermetropic - convex
What is a common mechanism of injury to the calcaneus (os calcis)?
Fall from height
Which nerve may be injured in THR?
Common peroneal
What does bullous pemphigoid show on immunofluoresence?
IgG and C3 at the basement membrane
Why might diplopia occur in an orbital blowout fracture?
Entrapment of the inferior rectus
What might disruption of the sympathetic nerve supply to the eye cause?
Miosis
When might a nasal crease by seen?
In allergic rhinitis, from rubbing
In a ACL rupture in professional athlete what is the first choice treatment?
Reconstruction
Weight loss at the time of T1DM diagnosis is suggestive of?
Lipolysis
What urine changes may SLE present with?
Proteinurea and haematurea
What investigation should be done in children with UTI?
Abdo ultrasound
What visual defect will occur in an optic chiasm tumour?
Bi temporal hemianopia
What visual defect do occipital cortex lesions cause?
Macular sparing defects on the opposite side
What visual defect do temporal lobe lesions cause?
Quadrentonopia on opposite side
Symptoms of croup?
Barking cough, noisy breathing, fever
Treatment of croup?
Oral steroids
What are extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria sensitive to?
Meropenem
How do you calculate pack years?
No of cigarettes per day x years/20
What age is ADHD usually diagnosed in?
6-12
What type of hearing loss does otosclerosis cause?
Conductive
What type of hearing loss is occupational loud noise?
Sensorineural
What % of patient have advanced or metasatic cancer on presentation of prostate cancer?
65%
What is an alternative antibiotic in penicillin allergic patients?
Doxycycline
What effect may lack of thyroxine in utero have?
Decreased IQ or severe abnormalities in development
What type of mediation is type 4 hypersensitivity?
T cell mediated
Where are all filtered glucose and amino acids reabsorbed?
Proximal tubule
Which route it pituitary surgery often preformed through?
Trans-sphenoidal
Most common cause of jaundice in neonates?
Physiological
When does jaundice due to haemolysis present in neonates?
Within 24 hours of birth
When is Kaposi’s sarcoma seen and what is it?
Area of purple neoplasia on gingival mucosa
HIV
What type of rash is dermatitis herpetiformis?
Itchy and vesicular
Which antibody is the dominant one in primary immune responses?
IgM
What does immunophenotyping do?
Investigates the patter of antigen expression on or in cells
What is light microscopy commonly used for?
Morphological assessment of cells
When does BPPV often occur?
On turning in bed
Symptoms of imperforate hymen?
Never had a period, abdominal pain
Commonest cause of congenital deafness?
Cytomegalovirus in early pregnancy
Which staph aureus toxin causes necrolytic skin infections?
Panton valentine leukocidin
What stimulate release of PTH?
Fall in calcium
Which antibody is present in anti phospholipid syndrome?
Anti-cardiolipin antibody
What respiratory disease may occur in systemic sclerosis?
Pulmonary hypertension
Management of bronchiolitis?
Oxygen and nasogastric feeding
What is normal acuity?
6/6
What is the acuity of those only able to read the largest letters?
6/60
What is kerion?
An inflamed boggy pustular swelling caused by an immune response to a dermatophyte infection
Is pseudomonas aeuriginosa gram positive or negative and what is it resistant to?
Negative
Oral antibiotics
What condition might charcot arthropathy be seen in?
Diabetes
What is a GI side effect of diclofenac?
GI bleeding
What type of drug is diclofenac?
NSAID
Name a side effect of hydroxychloroquine?
Retinopathy
Which foramen does middle meningeal artery exit skull via?
Foramen spinosum
Which foramen does facial nerve exit skull via?
Stylomastoid foramen
Cause of a painful neck swelling?
Thyroiditis
What might a pituitary tumour compress?
Optic chiasm
What is shoulder girdle stiffness suggestive of?
PMR
