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CAP 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What psychiatric condition are patients with velocardiofacial syndrome more at risk of?

A

Schizophrenia

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2
Q

When is breast cancer screening done?

A

50-70 every 3 years

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3
Q

When is bowel cancer screening done?

A

50-74 every 2 years in Scotland

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4
Q

When is diabetic eye screen done?

A

In diabetic patients over 12 every year

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5
Q

What is galanatamine?

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

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6
Q

What artery is at risk in lateral abdominal port?

A

Inferior epigastric

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7
Q

What artery is anatomically close to lower end of ureter?

A

Uterine artery

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8
Q

How is hep A spread?

A

Fecal oral

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9
Q

What is the first area affected in alzheimers?

A

Nucleus baseless of meynert

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10
Q

What is the feature of early stage diabetic nephropathy?

A

Proteinuria

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11
Q

What is p53 and why is it important?

A

It is a tumour suppressor - if it mutates if may not function in cancer

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12
Q

At what stage does an embryo implant?

A

Blastocyst

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13
Q

What happens to Blood pressure in pregnancy?

A

Decreases in 2nd trimester - returns to normal in 3rd

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14
Q

What happens to CO and GFR in pregnancy?

A

Increase by 30-50%

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15
Q

What happens to vital capacity in pregnancy?

A

Nothing

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16
Q

What does of folic acid should obese women take?

A

5mg

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17
Q

What is the difference between dystonia and tardive dyskinesia in terms of time?

A

Dystonia - onset in hours

TD - onset in years

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18
Q

What nerve root is responsible for leg extension, patellar reflex and ankle dorsiflexion?

A

L4

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19
Q

How is wilsons disease inherited?

A

Autosomal recessive

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20
Q

What might a green nipple discharge indicate?

A

Duct ectasia

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21
Q

What condition might trauma to the breast cause?

A

Fat necrosis

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22
Q

What might cause a hot tender breast in an elderly woman?

A

Inflammatory breast cancer

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23
Q

What sort of organism is treponema palladium?

A

Spirochaete

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24
Q

What may happen to phosphate in CKD?

A

Rise

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25
What is seen in urine in UTI - nitrates or nitrites?
Nitrites
26
What other condition is polycystic kidney disease associated with?
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
27
What is the most abundant antibody?
IgG
28
Which antibody is found in breast milk?
IgA
29
Which antibody is pentameric?
IgM
30
What volume of urine in the bladder causes a desire to void?
250mls
31
Parasympathetic or sympathetic, what causes contraction of detrusor muscle?
Para
32
Name an antibiotic contraindicated in breast feeding?
Tetracycline
33
What is the treatment for gonorrhoea?
Azithromycin and ceftriaxone
34
Which area is affected in receptive aphasia?
Wernickes
35
Which area is affected in expressive aphasia?
Broccas
36
Which area is affected in nominal aphasia?
Angular gyrus
37
Which artery supplies the midgut?
Superior mesenteric
38
What condition causes a raised CA125?
Ovarian cancer
39
What nerve causes biceps reflex?
C5/6
40
What nerve causes ankle reflex?
S1
41
What nerve causes knee reflex?
L3/4
42
What sort of glomerulonephritis may occur in a young patient after an URTI?
IgA nephropathy
43
What is the first step management for asthma?
Inhaled short acting beta 2 agonist as required
44
What is step 2 in asthma management?
Add inhaled corticosteroid
45
What is step 3 in asthma management?
Add inhaled long acting beta 2 agonist
46
What is step 4 in asthma management?
Increased steroid dose or add leukotriene receptor antagonists or theophylline
47
What is step 5 in asthma management?
Add daily steroid tablet and refer to specialist
48
How do you calculate an odds ratio?
(No. with symptoms and exposure/No. with exposure and no symptoms) / (No. with symptoms and no exposure/ No. with no symptoms and no exposure)
49
What % of couples suffer from infertility?
15%
50
What bony landmarks is used when administering a pudendal nerve block?
Ischial spine
51
When does ovulation occur in relation to the next menses?
14 days before
52
At what stage is embryo transfer performed?
Blastocyst
53
How many house before ovulation does the LH surge occur?
24-36
54
How much does HCG increase by in early pregnancy?
Doubles every 48 hours
55
What is athenospermia?
Low motility
56
What is teratospermia?
Abnormal forms
57
What is a major cause of VIN?
HPV 6+11
58
What is the major risk factor for oesophageal cancer?
Obesity
59
What happens to the functional residual capacity in pregnancy?
Decreases
60
What happens to the contractility of the heart in pregnancy?
Increases
61
What does the mesonephric duct become in males?
Vas deferens
62
What does the paramesonephric duct in females?
Fornix of the vagina
63
Name 2 features of fetal alcohol syndrome?
Dysplastic kidneys Ventricular septal defect Micrognathia and smooth philtrum Microencephaly
64
What is the ichioanal fossa filled with?
Fat
65
What happens to the volume of drug distribution in pregnancy?
Increases
66
How do you calculate coverage in a screening programme?
Screened pop/eligible pop x100
67
What causes the growth of breast ducts in puberty?
Oestrogen
68
What is the rate of breast cancer?
1 in 8
69
What is the 1st, 2nd and 3rd line treatment for T2DM?
1 - Metformin 2 - Sulphonylureas or TZD 3 - TZD pr DDP4 or GLP-1
70
What is the weight effect of metformin?
Causes weight loss
71
What is the weight effect for sulphonylureas?
May cause wight gain
72
What is the weight effect for TZD?
May cause weight gain
73
What is the weight effect for SGLT2 inhibitors?
Causes weight loss
74
Name 1 sulphonylurea?
Tolbutamide, glipizide, glibenclamide
75
Name one TZD?
"Glitazones"
76
Name 1 SGLT2 inhibitors?
Dapagliflozin
77
Name 1 DDP-4 inhibitor?
Gliptins
78
Name 1 incretin analogue?
Exenatide
79
What is the target HbA1C in T2DM?
53mmol/mol
80
What is the target BP in T2DM?
140/80mmHg or 130/80 if end organ damage
81
PTH, Ca and Phosphate in primary hyperparathyroidism?
PTH raised Ca raised Phosphate decreased
82
PTH, Ca and Phosphate in secondary hyperparathyroidism?
PTH raised Ca decreased Phosphate raised
83
PTH, Ca, Phosphate in tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
PTH raised Ca raised Phosphate decreased
84
What is the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Solitary adenoma
85
What is the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Chronic renal failure
86
What is the causes of tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
Ongoing hyperplasia following correction of renal disorder
87
What are the symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism?
May be asymptomatic | Bones, stones, groans, moans
88
What is the most common type of thyroid cancer?
Papillary
89
What is the second more common types of thyroid cancer?
Follicular
90
Which type of thyroid cancer is associated with hashimotos thyroiditis?
Papillary

Other/Mixed (5 decks)

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