Cannabis - Ley Flashcards
what is the most widely used strain of cannabis?
cannabis sativa
What are the two main derivatives of cannabis?
maryjane
hashish
Which strain of cannabis has higher CBD to THC ratio?
indica
Which cannabis is good for appetite induction?
indica
Which strain of cannabis is more uplifting?
sativa
what are the abuse criteria for marijuana?
One or more, over 1 year Repeated inability to meet obligations Repeated when dangerous (driving) Repeated legal problems Continued despite interpersonal/social problems
t/f: the majority of illicit drug users in the US smoke cannabis exclusively
true
How many americans meet the criteria for weed dependence?
4 million
Order the drugs in order of dependence: tobacco weed heroin cocaine
tobacco
heroin
cocaine
weed
what are the non-THC active compounds in weed?
CBD cannabidiol
CBN cannabinol
THCV
What are the three classes of cannabinoids?
phytocannabinoids
endocannabinoids
synthetic cannabinoids
endocannabinoids are the intracellular (blank) messengers
lipid
What was the first ID’d endocannabinoid?
anandamide
CB1 is found mostly in which brain structures?
basal ganglia
limbic system
CB2 receptors are found in what system and organ?
immune system; spleen
How are endocannabinoids metabolized?
CYP 2C9
what are the synthetic endocannabinoids?
dronabinol
nabilone
rimonabat
THC increases dopamine release in what brain structure?
NA
What are the effects of marijuana on the frontal cortex?
decision making
social skills
high level consciousness
euphoria and dreamy feeling
What are the effects of MJ on the hippocampus?
info storage and retrieval
short term effects on memory
What are the effects of MJ on thecerebellum?
effects on coordination
What are the effects of MJ on the nucleus accumbens?
part of the reward pathway
What are the effects of MJ on the brainstem?
lack of effect here explains why you can’t OD on it
what part of the weed has the most thc?
the flower tops
what is the bioavailability of MJ?
25%
how quickly does thc onset?
within seconds, full effect in minutes
Oral ingestion of thc does what to its onset?
delays it
What is the plasma elimination half life of thc?
56 hours
what happens to the plasma elimination half life in people who smoke weed chronically?
elimination half life halved
Where is thc sequestered in the body?
in the fat; tissue half life about a week; may take as long as 30 days
weed has what property that makes it useful in the treatment of ischemia?
antioxidant
what are the beneficial effects of MJ?
pain relief
appetite stimulation
chemo related N/V
t/f: regular exposure to MJ affects lungs equally as tobacco
false; does not affect lung function or total function capacity
MJ increases the risk of psychosis over ten years by what fold?
2x
what three brain structures release DA in response to MJ?
subcortical ventral tegmentum
NA
striatum
medial PFC
After an initial period of excitement, MJ causes CNS…
depression
what are the effects of MJ on motor function?
delayed response time
dysarthria
pursuit movement
physical strength
What are the other effects of weed on the body?
Cognition- user may experience FOI that is felt to be profound, accelerated speed of thoughts. Short-term memory deficits Amotivational syndrome Substance-induced psychosis Cardiac output increased, up to 30%
MJ can decrease the volume of which brain structure?
amygdala
Is there any correlation between MJ use and hippocampal volume?
nope; not assc’d with age of onset or total lifetime use
T/F: long term test performance is not affected by weed use
true
Youths who use MJ are (blank) times as likely to experiment with other drugs
9x with drugs or alcohol
5x more likely to steal
4x more likely to be violent
What are the associations between early adolescence and MJ use?
more likely to engage in risky behaviors: delinquency multiple sexual partners view drugs as not harmful having more delinquent friends
what are the risk factors for MJ abuse?
conduct problems family conflict association with deviant peers early subjective response (5 + rxns had 20x greater risk) genetic factors
Genetic differences in the (blank) dopamine system are risk factors for MJ abuse
mesolimbic DA system
frequent MJ use during early adulthood increases the risk of (blank) abuse, adverse school experiences, psych co-issues, and criminal issues
polysubstance abuse
T/F: there is an established link between marijuana use and progression to other drugs
false!!!
t/f: there is a dose dependent risk of psychosis with MJ use
true
Psychosocial impairment is seen greatest in which age group?
adolescents
A third of people who smoke pot will experience their first (blank) within 48 hours
panic attack
What are the cannabis withdrawal sx?
Variegated symptoms- anxiety, anorexia, bp/hr changes, sweating, diarrhea.
Most frequent- emotional. Withdrawal doesn’t usually cause physical, psychiatric, or medical issues.
most people dont quit smoking pot until what age?
older than 30
is bupropion effective in treating MJ withdrawal?
no
(blank) showed a reduction in MJ use and sig. decreases in anxiety
buspirone
is divalproex effective in treating MJ withdrawal?
nope
Describe the level of evidence for using mirtazapine for MJ withdrawal
anecdotal
what are the effective psychosocial interventions for MJ tx?
Drug counseling, motivational interviewing, CBT, CM, relapse prevention, social support
T/F: there is no difference in CBT vs support groups in reducing MJ use
true
T/F: there are positive effects in terms of treatment retention after encounters with the justice system
tru
What do you need to do to effectively tx adolescents?
involve fam
