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Block 8 Week 5 Colt > Alcohol - Ley > Flashcards

Alcohol - Ley Flashcards

1
Q

What percent of americans over 12 drink?

A

50%

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2
Q

what percent of people who drink have reported an alcohol related problem?

A

40%

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3
Q

repeatedly getting drunk at a young age increases the risk of developing….

A

an alcohol use disorder

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4
Q

what are the standard drink sizes?

A

12 oz beer
5 oz glass of wine
1.5 oz shot

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5
Q

In what groups was the risk of heart disease lowest?

A

drinking 6 days/week in men

1-2 days/week in women

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6
Q

t/f: alcohol reduces all cause mortality

A

true

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7
Q

what are some of the molecular benefits of alcohol?

A

Inhibits platelet aggregation
Antioxidants like flavonoids
Enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce fasting insulin, and may reduce stress
Decreased risk of peripheral artery disease

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8
Q

what are some of the risks of developing alochol abuse?

A

Genetics- 40-60%. Enhanced brain reward, decreased initial impairment, altered metabolism.
Sons of alcoholic fathers
Adolescents in alcoholic families- neuroanatomical differences, esp. amygdala
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Children with conduct problems- temperament or environment?
Often drink before age 15.
Higher level of inner distress, more drinking
Alcohol may induce the stress response
Moodiness, negativity, strained parent-child relationship

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9
Q

what is the single most important factor in deciding to drink?

A

parents

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10
Q

is alcoholism more common in men or women/

A

men

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11
Q

ADHD increases the likelihood of getting drunk how many fold?

A

14x

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12
Q

What are the protective factors against drinking?

A

parent-child connectedness
school connectedness
reduces the risk of SUD, sexuality, violence, improved emotional health

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13
Q

what percent of drinkers will progress to dependence?

A

10%

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14
Q

what percent of drinkers will continue to have problems in the next 5 years?

A

50-60%

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15
Q

what are the lab findings that suggest alcohol abuse?

A

GGT and CDT
AST/ALT
MCV

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16
Q

What are the physical findings that suggest alcohol abuse?

A

caput medusae
rhinophyma
GI distress (gastritis, esophagitis)
gout

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17
Q

what are the four questionairres for determining alocohol abuse?

A

CAGE
TWEAK
MAST
AUDIT

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18
Q

What are the liver complications drinking?

A

Hepatosteatosis
Alcoholic hepatitis
cirrhosis

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19
Q

Are men or women more at risk of developing liver complications?

A

women

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20
Q

How is tylenol cleared through the liver/

A

CYP 2E1

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21
Q

What are the CV complications of alcohol use?

A

alcoholic cardiomyopathy
2x as likely to have HTN
assc’d with sudden death and stroke
Elevated homocysteine from vit. def.

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22
Q

What is holiday heart?

A

congestive cardiomyopathy

A fib; converts within 24 hours

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23
Q

What are the most common types of cancer associated with alcohol abuse?

A

75% of esophageal cancer

50% of mouth, pharynx, larynx

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24
Q

what type of cancer is increased 130x if you drink and smoke at the same time?

A

esophageal

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25
Q

Increased estradiol in males who drink leads to…

A

OH GOD MOOBS

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26
Q

Chronic pancreatitis from alcoholism is caused by…

A

decreased capillary flow, edema, congestion, and diabetes

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27
Q

drinking within 30 mins of bed disrupts which half of sleep?

A

the later half

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28
Q

What are the cellular bases for increased risk of pulmonary infxn in alcoholism?

A

altered t cells
decreased NK fxn
neutrophil and macrophage action

29
Q

B12 def from alcoholism leads to (blank) of the spinal cord

A

SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION

30
Q

t/f: alcohol causes brain atrophy

A

true

31
Q

What type of receptor is inhibited in the brain?

A

NMDA

32
Q

NMDA is (inactive/overactive) in withdrawal

A

overactive

33
Q

alcohol increases the action of which neurotransmitter?

A

GABA

34
Q

GABA is underactive in what?

A

WD

35
Q

alcohol causes the release of which monoamine, and lower levels of this monoamine are associated with higher drinking rates

A

5-HT

36
Q

alcohol activates DA in what part of the brain?

A

ventral tegmentum

37
Q

T/f: alcohol releases endocannabinoids

A

false; endogenous opioids

38
Q

what part of the brain is especially vulnerable to alcohol/

A

PFC

39
Q

Which hemisphere of the brain does alcohol affect more?

A

the right

40
Q

t/f: alcohol crosses the placental barrier

A

true

41
Q

What are the effects of alcohol on the fetus?

A 
facial stigmata
smaller brain volume
behavioral difficulties
learning problems
attention
growth
42
Q

Children of alcoholics score lower on which metrics

A

family cohesion
independence
active recreation
intellectual/culturual orientation

43
Q

How do children of alcoholics perceive others?

A

distant and judging

44
Q

What is the key resilience factor in alcoholic families?

A

the nonalcoholic spouse

45
Q

What types of abuse are increased in alcoholic families?

A

incest

46
Q

t/f: divorce increases in alcoholic families

A

true

47
Q

alcohol increases what types of crime?

A

homicide
sex offenders
traffic fatalities

48
Q

What age group was particulary at risk when in the car where the BAC was elevated?

A

kids

49
Q

what percent of people with a DUI will report an alcohol abuse disorder in their lifetime?

A

90%

50
Q

alcohol abuse sig. increases what psych issue?

A

depression, anxiety, BPD

51
Q

what fraction of alcohol abusers meet the criteria for a MDD?

A

1/3

52
Q

what percent of adults with depression are alcoholic?

A

40%

53
Q

what percent of alcoholics smoke?

A

80%

54
Q

what is the effect of alcohol on sex?

A

decreased libido, testosterone, and sperm production

55
Q

How do you conduct a brief intervention?

A

establish a drinking goal and follow up and assess motivation for change

56
Q

what are the stages of change?

A 
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action 
Maintenance
Relapse
57
Q

what drug do you use to treat alcohol withdrawal?

A

benzo’s; decrease rebound symptoms

58
Q

t/f: benzos can be used with liver disease

A

true

59
Q

What is the half life of diazepam?

A

20-50 hours

60
Q

what is the half life of librium?

A

5-30 hours

61
Q

What is the half life of the metabolites of librium?

A

30-200 hours

62
Q

CBT for alcohol abuse is particularly effective for which age group?

A

adolescents

63
Q

which med is not recommedned for adolescents or in liver/kidney disease?

A

Naltrexone

64
Q

666?

A

acamprosate

65
Q

baclofen?

A

use to treat drinking?

66
Q

Which anticonvulsant can be used to treat alcohol abuse?

A

depakote

67
Q

which drug may block the rewarding effects of alcohol?

A

ondansetron

68
Q

Which drug slows the return to heavy drinking?

A

buspirone

Block 8 Week 5 Colt (12 decks)

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