Alcohol - Ley

Question 1

What percent of americans over 12 drink?

Answer 1

50%

Question 2

what percent of people who drink have reported an alcohol related problem?

Answer 2

40%

Question 3

repeatedly getting drunk at a young age increases the risk of developing….

Answer 3

an alcohol use disorder

Question 4

what are the standard drink sizes?

Answer 4

12 oz beer
5 oz glass of wine
1.5 oz shot

Question 5

In what groups was the risk of heart disease lowest?

Answer 5

drinking 6 days/week in men

1-2 days/week in women

Question 6

t/f: alcohol reduces all cause mortality

Answer 6

true

Question 7

what are some of the molecular benefits of alcohol?

Answer 7

Inhibits platelet aggregation
Antioxidants like flavonoids
Enhance insulin sensitivity, reduce fasting insulin, and may reduce stress
Decreased risk of peripheral artery disease

Question 8

what are some of the risks of developing alochol abuse?

Answer 8

Genetics- 40-60%. Enhanced brain reward, decreased initial impairment, altered metabolism.
Sons of alcoholic fathers
Adolescents in alcoholic families- neuroanatomical differences, esp. amygdala
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Children with conduct problems- temperament or environment?
Often drink before age 15.
Higher level of inner distress, more drinking
Alcohol may induce the stress response
Moodiness, negativity, strained parent-child relationship

Question 9

what is the single most important factor in deciding to drink?

Answer 9

parents

Question 10

is alcoholism more common in men or women/

Answer 10

men

Question 11

ADHD increases the likelihood of getting drunk how many fold?

Answer 11

14x

Question 12

What are the protective factors against drinking?

Answer 12

parent-child connectedness
school connectedness
reduces the risk of SUD, sexuality, violence, improved emotional health

Question 13

what percent of drinkers will progress to dependence?

Answer 13

10%

Question 14

what percent of drinkers will continue to have problems in the next 5 years?

Answer 14

50-60%

Question 15

what are the lab findings that suggest alcohol abuse?

Answer 15

GGT and CDT
AST/ALT
MCV

Question 16

What are the physical findings that suggest alcohol abuse?

Answer 16

caput medusae
rhinophyma
GI distress (gastritis, esophagitis)
gout

Question 17

what are the four questionairres for determining alocohol abuse?

Answer 17

CAGE
TWEAK
MAST
AUDIT

Question 18

What are the liver complications drinking?

Answer 18

Hepatosteatosis
Alcoholic hepatitis
cirrhosis

Question 19

Are men or women more at risk of developing liver complications?

Answer 19

women

Question 20

How is tylenol cleared through the liver/

Answer 20

CYP 2E1

Question 21

What are the CV complications of alcohol use?

Answer 21

alcoholic cardiomyopathy
2x as likely to have HTN
assc’d with sudden death and stroke
Elevated homocysteine from vit. def.

Question 22

What is holiday heart?

Answer 22

congestive cardiomyopathy

A fib; converts within 24 hours

Question 23

What are the most common types of cancer associated with alcohol abuse?

Answer 23

75% of esophageal cancer

50% of mouth, pharynx, larynx

Question 24

what type of cancer is increased 130x if you drink and smoke at the same time?

Answer 24

esophageal

Question 25

Increased estradiol in males who drink leads to...

Answer 25

OH GOD MOOBS

Question 26

Chronic pancreatitis from alcoholism is caused by...

Answer 26

decreased capillary flow, edema, congestion, and diabetes

Question 27

drinking within 30 mins of bed disrupts which half of sleep?

Answer 27

the later half

Question 28

What are the cellular bases for increased risk of pulmonary infxn in alcoholism?

Answer 28

altered t cells decreased NK fxn neutrophil and macrophage action

Question 29

B12 def from alcoholism leads to (blank) of the spinal cord

Answer 29

SUBACUTE COMBINED DEGENERATION

Question 30

t/f: alcohol causes brain atrophy

Answer 30

true

Question 31

What type of receptor is inhibited in the brain?

Answer 31

NMDA

Question 32

NMDA is (inactive/overactive) in withdrawal

Answer 32

overactive

Question 33

alcohol increases the action of which neurotransmitter?

Answer 33

GABA

Question 34

GABA is underactive in what?

Answer 34

WD

Question 35

alcohol causes the release of which monoamine, and lower levels of this monoamine are associated with higher drinking rates

Answer 35

5-HT

Question 36

alcohol activates DA in what part of the brain?

Answer 36

ventral tegmentum

Question 37

T/f: alcohol releases endocannabinoids

Answer 37

false; endogenous opioids

Question 38

what part of the brain is especially vulnerable to alcohol/

Answer 38

PFC

Question 39

Which hemisphere of the brain does alcohol affect more?

Answer 39

the right

Question 40

t/f: alcohol crosses the placental barrier

Answer 40

true

Question 41

What are the effects of alcohol on the fetus?

Answer 41

``` facial stigmata smaller brain volume behavioral difficulties learning problems attention growth ```

Question 42

Children of alcoholics score lower on which metrics

Answer 42

family cohesion independence active recreation intellectual/culturual orientation

Question 43

How do children of alcoholics perceive others?

Answer 43

distant and judging

Question 44

What is the key resilience factor in alcoholic families?

Answer 44

the nonalcoholic spouse

Question 45

What types of abuse are increased in alcoholic families?

Answer 45

incest

Question 46

t/f: divorce increases in alcoholic families

Answer 46

true

Question 47

alcohol increases what types of crime?

Answer 47

homicide sex offenders traffic fatalities

Question 48

What age group was particulary at risk when in the car where the BAC was elevated?

Answer 48

kids

Question 49

what percent of people with a DUI will report an alcohol abuse disorder in their lifetime?

Answer 49

90%

Question 50

alcohol abuse sig. increases what psych issue?

Answer 50

depression, anxiety, BPD

Question 51

what fraction of alcohol abusers meet the criteria for a MDD?

Answer 51

1/3

Question 52

what percent of adults with depression are alcoholic?

Answer 52

40%

Question 53

what percent of alcoholics smoke?

Answer 53

80%

Question 54

what is the effect of alcohol on sex?

Answer 54

decreased libido, testosterone, and sperm production

Question 55

How do you conduct a brief intervention?

Answer 55

establish a drinking goal and follow up and assess motivation for change

Question 56

what are the stages of change?

Answer 56

``` Precontemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Relapse ```

Question 57

what drug do you use to treat alcohol withdrawal?

Answer 57

benzo's; decrease rebound symptoms

Question 58

t/f: benzos can be used with liver disease

Answer 58

true

Question 59

What is the half life of diazepam?

Answer 59

20-50 hours

Question 60

what is the half life of librium?

Answer 60

5-30 hours

Question 61

What is the half life of the metabolites of librium?

Answer 61

30-200 hours

Question 62

CBT for alcohol abuse is particularly effective for which age group?

Answer 62

adolescents

Question 63

which med is not recommedned for adolescents or in liver/kidney disease?

Answer 63

Naltrexone

Question 64

666?

Answer 64

acamprosate

Question 65

baclofen?

Answer 65

use to treat drinking?

Question 66

Which anticonvulsant can be used to treat alcohol abuse?

Answer 66

depakote

Question 67

which drug may block the rewarding effects of alcohol?

Answer 67

ondansetron

Question 68

Which drug slows the return to heavy drinking?

Answer 68

buspirone