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Psychology (AS Level) > Canli et al. (2000) > Flashcards

Canli et al. (2000) Flashcards

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1
Q

Give three reasons as to why there may be a link between the amygdala and emotional experiences as shown by studies.

A
  1. some people are more responsive to emotional experiences than others
  2. during scanning people were in an enhanced state of emotion
  3. the amygdala responds in a dynamic way.
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2
Q

full form of fmri

A

functional magnetic resonance imagery

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3
Q

explain how fmri works

A

it is a non-invasive brain scanning, which uses radio waves with a strong magnetic field to make a detailed image of blood flow in the brain.

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4
Q

is an fmri a structural scan or functional scan?

A

functional

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5
Q

what is an fmri classed as?

A

a functional scan

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6
Q

full form of BOLD

A

blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal

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7
Q

what exactly does an fmri do?

A

It traces the journey of oxygenated blood, as high activity areas receive more oxygenated blood. It maps all of the activity and produces a map of squares called voxels which represent thousands of neurons. pictures are colour coded to show intensity

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8
Q

what do voxels represent in an fmri scan?

A

thousands of neurons

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9
Q

what was the aim of Canli et al?

A

to investigate whether an area of the brain called the amygdala is sensitive to different levels of intensity based on subjective emotional experiences. And whether the degree of emotional intensity affects memory recall

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10
Q

who were the participants in Canli et al?

A

ten right-handed healthy female volunteers

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11
Q

why were females chosen for Canli et al?

A

females are more likely to report intense emotional experiences.

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12
Q

how many scenes were participants shown in the initial fMRI scan?

A

96 scenes

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13
Q

what does valence mean?

A

emotional value

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14
Q

what was the range of scene ratings in Canli et al?

A

highly negative ( rating 1.17) to neutral ( 5.44) and tranquil (1.97) to highly arousing (7.63)

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15
Q

how long were scenes shown to participants in Canli et al?

A

2.88 seconds

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16
Q

how long was the interval between scenes in Canli et al?

A

12.96 seconds

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17
Q

what was the range of ratings participants could give the scenes?

A

from 0= not emotionally intense at all to 3 = extremely emotionally intense

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18
Q

when were participants given an unexpected recognition test?

A

three weeks after the scan

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19
Q

how many new scenes were added in the recognition test?

A

48 new foils

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20
Q

what were the participants told to do in the recognition test?

A

they had to say wether they had seen each picture before. if they said yes, they were asked if they remembered the scene with certainty (coded as remembered) or less certain ( coded as familiar)

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21
Q

what was recorded in the recognition test?

A

which scenes participants remembered with certainty (coded as remembered) or less certain (coded as familiar) forgotten scenes were also recorded

22
Q

how were participants’ head movements minimised during the fMRI?

A

via a bite-bar

23
Q

how many slices were there for each person in the structural image?

A

eight slices per person

24
Q

how near to the amygdala was the anterior slice taken?

A

7mm anterior to the amygdala

25
Q

how many frames were taken during the functional image?

A

11 frames per trial per person

26
Q

which functional image frames were assigned as baseline?

A

1, 2, 10 and 11

27
Q

which functional image frames were assigned as an activation image?

A

5, 6, 7 and 8

28
Q

What was the percentage rating of emotional intensity = 0?

A

29% of scenes

29
Q

What was the percentage rating of emotional intensity = 1?

A

22% of scenes

30
Q

What was the percentage rating of emotional intensity = 2?

A

24% of scenes

31
Q

What was the percentage rating of emotional intensity = 3?

A

25% of scenes

32
Q

according to results, how was memory recall affected by emotional intensity rating?

A

memory recall was significantly better for images with rating of 3

33
Q

Explain the distribution results of images rated 0-2 of emotional intensity

A

scenes rated 0-2 had similar distribution of percentage forgotten, familiar or remembered

34
Q

Explain the distribution results of images rated 3 of emotional intensity

A

scenes rated 3 were remembered and were familiar with a higher frequency than those with ratings 0-2

35
Q

According to results, how sensitive, if any, is the amygdala to emotion?

A

the amygdala is sensitive to individually experienced emotional intensity of visual scenes.

36
Q

How is activity in the left amygdala related to memory?

A

the activity in the left amygdala during encoding can predict subsequent memory

37
Q

how does amygdala activity relate to memory and emotion?

A

the degree to which the amygdala activation at encoding can predict subsequent memory is a function of emotional intensity

38
Q

summarise the findings of Canli et al

A

the findings suggest that the amygdala reflects moment-to-moment emotional experiences

39
Q

what was the research method?

A

experimental

40
Q

what techniques were used?

A

correlational mapping; fMRI

41
Q

what was the sampling technique?

A

volunteer

42
Q

what was the experimental design?

A

repeated measures

43
Q

what was the independent variable?

A

intensity rating of stimuli

44
Q

what were the dependent variables?

A

pixel count, and percentage forgotten, familiar, or remembered

45
Q

is this study reliable?

A

yes, it had a standardised procedure making it easy to replicate

46
Q

were researchers confident that it was the pictures causing amygdala activity?

A

yes, there were many controls

47
Q

did this study have mundane realism?

A

no, the task of looking at pictures for 2.88 seconds then rating for emotional intensity is unrealistic

48
Q

did this study have good generalisability?

A

no, findings may only apply to females. female and males process emotional information differently

49
Q

how applicable are the findings to real life?

A

findings may be useful for advertising agencies

50
Q

nature or nurture?

A

some psychologists argue that it is nature as findings show that

Psychology (AS Level) (5 decks)

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