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Anatomy Semester 2 > Canine Vasculature and Abdominal Nervous System > Flashcards

Canine Vasculature and Abdominal Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Parent to Abdominal Aorta

A
  • Descending Aorta
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2
Q

Main Branches of the Abdominal Aorta

A
  • Celiac a.
  • Cranial mesenteric a.
  • Caudal mesenteric a.
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3
Q

Lumbar arteries

A
  • Paired
    • Means L & R
  • Leave dorsal surface of the abdominal aorta
  • Extend dorsally towards the vertebral column
  • Terminate as a dorsal and spinal branch (can’t see them on specimen)
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4
Q

Dorsal branches of the lumbar arteries

A
  • Supply the muscle and skin above the lumbar vertebrae
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5
Q

Celiac a.

A
  • Main branch off of the Abdominal Aorta
  • Arises between the crura of the diaphragm
  • Seen under the celiacomesenteric ganglia and plexus
    • 3 Branches:
      • Hepatic a.
      • Left gastric a.
      • Splenic a.
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6
Q

Hepatic a.

A
  • 1st branch off of Celiac a.
  • Courses cranially in cranial border of mesoduodenum
  • Passes into liver in hepatoduodenal ligament
  • Gives off 1-5 branches that supply the liver
    • Cystic artery from the last hepatic branch supplies gallbladder
  • Terminates as:
    • Right gastric a.
    • Gastroduodenal a.
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7
Q

Artery that supplies the gallbladder

A
  • Cystic a. (last branch off of the hepatic a. )
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8
Q

Right Gastric a.

A
  • Branch off of Hepatic a.
  • Extends from the pylorus to the cardia
  • Supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach
  • Anastomeses with the left gastric a.
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9
Q

Gastroduodenal a.

A
  • Branch off of the hepatic a.
  • Supplies the pylorus (not much of anything else)
  • Terminates as:
    • Right gastroepiploic a.
    • Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.
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10
Q

Right Gastroepiploic a.

A
  • Branch off of the gastroduodenal a.
  • Supplies the greater omentum
  • Supplies greater curvature of the stomach
  • Anastomoses with L. gastroepiploic a.
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11
Q

Parent vessel of Right Gastric a.

A
  • Hepatic a.
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12
Q

Blood Supply to the Lesser Curvature of the Stomach

A
  • Right gastric a.
  • Left gastric a.
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13
Q

Parent Vesel to the Gastroduodenal a.

A
  • Hepatic a.
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14
Q

Parent Vessel to R. Gastroepiploic a.

A
  • Gastroduodenal a.
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15
Q

Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.

A
  • Branch of the gastroduodenal a.
  • Around the mesenteric border of the descending duodenum
  • Supplies the R. lobe of the pancreas and descending duodenum
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16
Q

Parent Vessel to Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.

A
  • Gastroduodenal a.
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17
Q

Blood Supply to the R. Lobe of the Pancreas

A
  • Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.
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18
Q

Blood Supply to the Descending Duodenum

A
  • Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.
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19
Q

Left gastric a.

A
  • Runs the length of the lesser curvature of the stomach to the cardia
  • Supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and the cardia
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20
Q

Blood Supply to the Cardia

A
  • Left gastric a.
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21
Q

Parent Vessel to the Left Gastric a.

A
  • Celiac a.
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22
Q

Parent Vessel to the Splenic a.

A
  • Celiac a.
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23
Q

Splenic a.

A
  • Crosses the dorsal surface of the L. lobe of the pancreas
  • Supplies the L. lobe of the pancreas
  • Divides into dorsal and ventral splenic branches
    • Dorsal Branch
      • Short gastric aa.
        • Supply the L. side of the greater curvature of the stomach
      • L. gastroepiploic a.
        • Supplies the greater curvature of the stomafh
        • Anastamoeses with R. gastroepiploic a. at the pyloric end
    • Ventral Branch
      • Supplies the spleen
      • May also give rise to L. gastroepiploic a.
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24
Q

Parent Vessel to the L. Gastroepiploic a.

A
  • Dorsal branch of the splenic a.
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25
Q

Location for Anastamoses

for the Greater Curvature of the Stomach

A
  • L. Gastroepiploic a. anastamoeses with R. gastroepiploic a. at the pyloric end
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26
Q

Cranial mesenteric a.

A
  • Leaves caudal to the celiac a.
    • Braches off abdominal aorta around the level of the distal spleen and caudal to the pancreas
  • Surrounded by cranial mesenteric plexus

Branches:

  • Common trunk (Dogs Only)
    • Middle colic a.
    • Ileocolic a.
    • Right colic a.
  • Caudal Pancreaticoduodenal a.
  • Jejunal aa.
  • Ileal aa.
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27
Q

Branches off of the Common Trunk

of The Cranial Mesenteric a.

A

Common Trunk:

  • Middle Colic a.
  • Right Colic a.
  • Ileocolic a.
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28
Q

Middle Colic a.

A
  • Runs cranially (towards the pancreas)
  • Supplies:
    • Left colic flexure
    • Descending colon
  • Anastomoses with L. Colic a.
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29
Q

Right Colic a.

A
  • Runs in the mesocolon towards the right colic flexure
  • Supplies:
    • R. Colic flexure
    • Ascending colon
    • Transverse colon
      • Left to right
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30
Q

Ileocolic a.

A

Associated with R. Colic n. & L. Colic n.

Supplies:

  • Ileum
  • Cecum
  • Ascending Colon

Branches of Ileocolic a.:

  • Colic Branch
  • Cecal a.
  • Mesenteric ileal branch
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31
Q

What is the blood supply to the Ascending Colon in all 3 Species?

A
  • R. Colic a.
  • Colic Branch
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32
Q

Branches of the Ileocolic a.

A

Parent Vessel = Cranial Mesenteric a.

Branches of Ileocolic a.:

  • Colic Branch
  • Cecal a.
  • Mesenteric ileal branch
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33
Q

Colic Branch

A

Parent Vessel = Ileocecal a.

Grandparent Vessel = Cranial mesenteric a.

  • Runs cranially
  • Supplies the ascending colon
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34
Q

Cecal a.

A

Parent Vessel = Ileocolic a.

Grandparent Vessel = Cranial mesenteric a.

  • Dorsal surface of the ileocolic junction
  • Supplies the cecum and antimesenteric side of the ileum

Branch off Cecal a.:

  • Antimesenteric ileal a.

** Antimesenteric ileal a. comes off of the cecal a. in the ileocecal fold**

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35
Q

Anastamoses with Ileal a.

A

Mesenteric ileal branch

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36
Q

Caudal Pancreaticoduodenal a.

A

Parent Vessel = Cranial mesenteric a.

  • Arises close to the common trunk
  • Runs to descending duodenum near the caudal flexure

Supplies:

  • Descending duodenum
  • R. Lobe of Pancreas
  • Supplies the ascending duodenum

** Anastamoses w/ Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.

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37
Q

Jejunal aa.

A

Parent Vessel = Cranial mesenteric a.

  • Arise from the caudal surface
  • Form arcades in the mesentery close to the jejunum
    • Jejunal Arcades
  • Important for surgical resection
    • Need to overlap arcades
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38
Q

Ileal aa.

A

Parent Vessel = Cranial mesenteric a.

  • Ending point of the cranial mesenteric a.
  • Supplies ileum
  • Anastamoses with ileocolic a.
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39
Q

Common Trunk:

Caudal Phrenic a. & Cranial Abdominal a.

A
  • 2nd common trunk off of Aorta
  • Arises between Cranial mesenteric a. & Renal aa.

Common Trunk Branches:

  • Caudal Phrenic a.
    • Moves cranially to supply the diaphragm
    • Paired vessel
  • Cranial Abdominal a.
    • Supplies the abdominal wall
    • Paired Vessel
40
Q

Caudal Mesenteric a.

A

Parent Vessel = Abdominal Aorta

  • Unpaired
  • Small
  • Courses caudally/ventrally towards pelvis and descending colon
  • Terminates as:
    • Left colic a.
    • Cranial rectal a.
41
Q

What does the Caudal Mesenteric a. terminate as?

A
  • L. colic a.
  • Cranial rectal a.
42
Q

L. Colic a.

A

Parent Vessel = Caudal Mesenteric a.

  • Mesenteric border of the desceding colon
  • Anastomoses with the Middle Colic a.
43
Q

Cranial Rectal a.

A

Parent Vessel = Caudal Mesenteric a.

Supplies: Rectum

44
Q

Location where Descending Colon turns into Rectum:

A
  • After the pelvis
45
Q

Deep Circumflex Iliac a.

A

Parent Vessel = Abdominal Aorta

  • Arises caudal to the Caudal Mesenteric a.
  • Arises close to the origin of the External iliac a.
  • Crosses the sub-lumbar muscles laterally
  • Supplies the caudo-dorsal abdominal wall

** Paired Vessel**

46
Q

Portal Venous System

A
  • Brings blood from the digestive tract to the liver
    • Can’t just go into the caudal vena cava
    • Needs to be “cleaned” by the liver
    • Blood from abdominal viscera
      • Stomach
      • Small Intestine
      • Cecum
      • Colon
      • Pancreas
      • Spleen

Portal Vein –> Liver –> Hepatic Vein –> Caudal Vena Cava

47
Q

Gastroduodenal v.

A

Drains into Portal v.

  • Small proximal branch of the portal v.
  • Enters the right side , near the body of the pancreas
  • In Mesoduodenum

Gastroduodenal v. = #39

Drains:

  • Pancreas
  • Stomach
  • Duodenum
  • Greater Omentum

** R. Gastric v. drains into gastroduodenal v. **

48
Q

The r. gastric v. drains into ______

A

Gastroduodenal v. –> Portal v. –> Liver –> Hepatic v. –> Caudal vena cava

49
Q

Splenic v.

A
  • Enters from the deep leaf of the greater omentum on the left side

Splenic v. - 40

Drains:

  • Spleen
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas
  • Greater Omentum

Splenic v. –> Portal v.

50
Q

L. Gastric v.

A
  • Drains into splenic v.
  • Drains the lesser curvature of the stomach

L. Gastric v. –> Splenic v. –> Portal Vein

51
Q

Distal Terminal Branches of the Portal Vein:

Cranial Mesenteric v. (42)

Caudal Mesenteric v. (41)

A

Cranial Mesenteric v. (42)

  • Branches in the mesentery

Drains:

  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
  • Caudal duodenum
  • R. Lobe of pancreas

Caudal Mesenteric v. (41)

  • In mesocolon

Drains:

  • Cecum and Colon
52
Q

Difference in Supply vs. Drainage

of Cecum & Colon:

A

Supply to Cecum & Colon:

  • Cranial mesenteric a.

Drainage of Cecum & Colon:

  • Caudal mesenteric v.
53
Q

Vagus n. (Cranial Nerve X)

A
  • Carries sensory and motor axons to and from the viscera
  • 20% Visceral Motor
    • Preganglionic parasympathetic efferent
  • 80% Visceral Sensory
    • Afferents from thoracic and abdominal organs

Vagus n. separates from the sympathetic trunk at the thoracic inlet

R. Vagus n. and L. Vagus n. divide into dorsal and ventral branches caudal to the root of the lung

54
Q

Veins that drain directly into the caudal vena cava:

A
  • Deep Circumflex Iliac vv. (R & L)
    • 23
  • Cranial Abdominal v.
  • Caudal Phrenic v.
55
Q

Ventral Vagal Trunk

A
  • Lies ventral to the terminal part of the esophagus
  • Passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
  • Courses along the lesser curvature of the stomach

Innervation to:

  • Liver
  • Pylorus
  • Parietal surface of the stomach
56
Q

Dorsal Vagal Trunk

A
  • Passes through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
  • Courses along the lesser curvature of the stomach
  • Gives off the Celiac n.
  • Contributes to:
    • Celiac Mesenteric Plexus
    • Cranial Mesenteric Plexus
  • Provides innervation to the rest of the digestive tract
57
Q

Celiac n.

A
  • Branch off of the Dorsal Vagal Trunk
    • Right above the spleen
58
Q

Sympathetic Trunk

A
  • Passes along the vertebral bodies
  • Fight or Flight
  • Distinct narrowing of the trunk caudal to the Major Splanchnic n.
59
Q

Major Splanchnic n.

A
  • Leaves at the level of the 12th -13th thoracic sympathetic ganglion
    • Chain gang off the trunk
  • Passes dorsal to the crus of the diaphragm
  • Courses to:
    • Adrenal plexus
    • Celiacomesenteric ganglia and plexus
60
Q

Minor Splanchnic n.

A
  • Usually 2 of them
  • Leave at the last thoracic and 1st lumbar sympathetic ganglia

Innervation to:

  • Adrenal Gland

Terminate as: Celiacomesenteric ganglion and plexus

61
Q

Lumbar Splanchnic nn.

A
  • Arise from the 2nd to 5th lumbar sympathetic ganglia

Innervation to:

  • Aorticorenal ganglia and plexus
  • Cranial mesenteric ganglia and plexus
  • Caudal mesenteric ganglia and plexus
62
Q

Celiac Ganglia

A
  • Intermingling branches of vagus and sympathetic nerves
  • Surround the right and left surfaces of the celiac artery
  • Numerous terminal branches follow the celiac a. as a plexus
63
Q

Celiacomesenteric Ganglion and Plexus

A
  • Close relationship of:
    • Celiac Ganglion
    • Cranial Mesenteric Ganglion
  • On the sides and caudal surface of the Cranial Mesenteric a.
64
Q

Caudal Mesenteric Ganglion

A
  • Located near the caudal mesenteric a.
  • Entry point for lumbar splanchnic nn.
    • Nerves continue along the artery as the caudal mesenteric plexus
65
Q

Hypogastric nn.

A
  • Leave the caudal mesenteric ganglion
  • Course caudally
  • Enter the pelvic canal
    • Run in the mesocolon
  • L & R hypogastric nerves
66
Q

Lymphatic System:

A
  • Abdominal Viscera is drained into the cisterna chili
  • Lymph nodes drain as territories associated with celiac, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric arteries
  • Lymph nodes are named by the organs they are near
    • Jejunal lymph nodes
    • Pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes
67
Q

Blood Supply to the Cardia of the Stomach:

A

Left Gastric a.

68
Q

Blood Supply to the Greater Curvature of the Stomach:

A

R. gastroepiploic a.

L. gastroepiploic a.

Short gastric aa.

69
Q

Blood Supply to the Lesser Curvature of the Stomach

A

R. gastric a.

L. gastric a.

70
Q

Blood Supply to the Pylorus

A

Gastroduodenal a.

71
Q

Blood Supply to the Cranial Duodenal Flexure

A

Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.

72
Q

Blood Supply to the Descending Duodenum

A

Proximal Part: Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.

Distal Part: Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.

73
Q

Blood Supply to the Caudal Duodenal Flexure

A

Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.

74
Q

Blood Supply to the Ascending Duodenum

A

Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.

75
Q

Blood Supply to the Jejunum

A

Jejunal aa.

76
Q

Blood Supply to the Ileum

A

Ileal aa.

Mesenteric ileal branch of ileocolic a.

Antimesenteric ileal a.

77
Q

Blood Supply to the Cecum

A

Cecal a.

78
Q

Blood Supply to the Ascending Colon

A

Proximal: Colic branch of ileocecal a.

Distal: Right Colic a.

79
Q

Blood Supply to the Right Colic Flexure

A

Right colic a.

80
Q

Blood Supply to the Transverse Colon

A

Right Colic a.

81
Q

Blood Supply to the Left Colic Flexure

A

Left Colic a.

82
Q

Blood Supply to the Descending Colon

A

Proximal Part: Middle Colic a.

Distal Part: Left Colic a.

83
Q

Blood Supply to the Rectum

A

Cranial rectal a.

84
Q

Blood Supply to the Liver

A

Hepatic Branches of the Hepatic a.

85
Q

Blood Supply to the Gallbladder

A

Cystic a. (Last branch off of hepatic a.)

86
Q

Blood Supply to the R. Lobe of the Pancreas

A

Cranial Part: Cranial pancreaticoduodenal a.

Caudal Part: Caudal pancreaticoduodenal a.

87
Q

Blood Supply to the L. Lobe of the Pancreas

A

Splenic a.

88
Q

Blood Supply to the Spleen

A

Splenic a.

89
Q

Blood Supply to the Greater Omentum

A

R. gastroepiploic a.

90
Q

Venous Drainage (Main)

A

Portal Vein –> Liver–> Hepatic veins –> Caudal Vena cava

91
Q

List the veins that drain into the gastroduodenal v.

A

Drains the right side

  • Cranial pancreaticoduodenal v.
  • R. gastroepiploic v.
  • R. gastric v.
92
Q

List the veins that drain into the splenic v.

A

Drains the left side

  • L. gastroepiploic v.
  • L. gastric v.
  • Short gastric vv.
93
Q

The cranial mesenteric v. and the caudal mesenteric v. __________

A

Come together

Drain directly into the portal vein

94
Q

List the veins that drain into the cranial mesenteric v.

A
  • Caudal pancreaticoduodenal v.
  • Jejunal v.
  • Ileal v.
95
Q

List the veins that drain into the caudal mesenteric v.

A
  • Middle colic v.
  • R. colic v.
  • Ileocolic v.
96
Q

Common Trunk From Abdominal Aorta:

A
  • Caudal Phrenic a.
    • Goes cranially to supply the diaphragm
  • Cranial Abdominal a.
    • Goes to supply the abdominal wall
97
Q

Deep Circumflex Iliac a.

A

Paired vessel (L&R)

Close to the origin of the external iliac a.

Crosses the sublumbar muscless laterally

Supplies the caudodorsal abdominal wall

Anatomy Semester 2 (5 decks)

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