Canine Presentative Health Programs Flashcards
Canine Life Cycle
4
Canine (puppy)
birth 6-9 months
end of rapid growth
Canine (young adult)
9 months: 3-4 years
completion of physical and social maturation
Canine ( mature adult)
4 years- beginning of 25% of estimated lifespan
breed and size dependent
Canine ( Senior)
Last 25% of estimated lifespan- End of life
puppy visit
- initials visit should be between 6-8 weeks
- exam for congenital abnormalities
- parasite check & control/prevention
flea & heartworm medication - vaccines
- owner education ( parasites, husbandry, behavior, training, nutrition, spay/ neuter, exercise, shelter, toxic items)
- then puppy will visit every 3-4 weeks until 16 weeks of age
passive immunity (short- lived)
maternal antibodies from colostrum ingested within first 24 hrs
Active immunity
vaccination (puppies and kittens: every 3-4 weeks until 16 week)
Adult visits
- should be done at least every 12 months
- preventive maintenance care (heartworm, intestinal parasite, & flea prevention
- update history
- vaccination review & update (updated every 3 or year)
- nutrition & weight managements
- dental health
- screening test ( allergies, thyroid, Cushing’s, etc.)
Senior visits
- ideal to do every 6 months
- overall examination
- blood work to check organ function
- urinalysis to check kidneys
- ultrasound- check for internal masses
- continue health preventative vaccines ( 3 year schedule)
noninfectious vaccines (whole killed pathogens or subunits)
Advantage: unable to cause the disease
Disadvantages: antigen may be inadequate ( requires addition of adjuvants as boost) possible hypersensitivity and local inflammation
Infectious Vaccines (pathogens altered so as not to cause disease but still infect host cells to stimulate immunity )
Advantage: stimulate immunity more naturally and efficaciously
Disadvantage: some types can cause the disease
Vaccine use ( storage)
- manufacturer’s directions
- may need refrigeration
vaccine use ( reconstitution of lyophilized powders)
- use diluent provided by manufacturer’s
- proper amount of diluent
- mix gently
Administration
- administer within 1 hour
- check label for administration instructions
- Quantity
- SQ, IM, IN, PO
Adverse reactions
- always warn your clients that reactions can occur
- clients/ staff should closely monitor patients for at least 30 minutes after a new vaccine is given
- most reactions include local inflammation, pain, possible swelling and hives
- severe reactions can include anaphylactic shock and vaccine induced sarcomas ( lower limbs)
- always mark which vaccine was given where in chart
- if reactions occurs, you can pre-med w/ diphenhydramine
Core ( necessary for all animals)
- rabies
- canine distemper virus (CDV)
- Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV_2)
- canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV- 2)
- +/- canine parainfluenza virus (CPiV)
Noncore ( elective may not be necessary for all animals)
- leptospirosis
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi)
- canine influenza
- rattlesnake toxoid
Vaccine Schedule (Core)
- 6-8 wks DAP+
- 10-12 wks DAP+
- 14-16 wks DAP+ (prefer giving final vaccine at 16wks or later) , Rabies ( may be given earlier if required by law)
- annual & 3 yr rabies (starting one yr after initial series)
Vaccine ( noncore)
- 6-8wks Bordetella, parainfluenza
- 10-12wks Leptospirosis, Lyme, Canine influenza
- 14-16wks Leptospirosis, Lyme, Canine influenza
- annual & 3 yr Leptospirosis, Lyme, Canine influenza, Bordetella
Rabies Vaccines
- core
- caused by rhabdo virus; neurological symptom
- killed vaccine
- required by law in many regions, rabies tag & certificate will be given as proof
- status of vaccine will determine effects after a bite ( quarantine, home quarantine, euthanization)
Distemper vaccine
- core
- caused by paramyxovirus: neurological & respiratory
- common in young dogs in crowded situations
- modified live vaccines
- usually in a combined vaccine such as DHPP or DA2PP
Distemper Vaccine ( series)
- start at 6-8 wks
- booster q3-4 wks
- last dose btw 14-16 wks
revaccinate one year after initial series
Adenovirus vaccine
- core vaccine
- modified live vaccine
- adenovirus- type 2: one of the causes of kennel cough. also related to CAV- 1 (canine hepatitis)
- often combined w/ canine distemper, canine parvovirus, canine parainfluenza to create DHPP or DA2PP
Adenovirus Vaccine (series)
- starts btw 6-8 wks
- booster q3-4 wks
- last dose at 14-16 wks
canine parvovirus
- core vaccine
- modified live vaccine
- treatment can be expensive
- is a serious highly contagious disease: bloody diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, dehydration
- Dobermans, rottweilers, and Pitbull have an increased in incidence to parvo
Canine Parvovirus (series)
- starts 6-8wks
- booster q3-4 wks
- last dose between 14-16 wks
- revaccinate one year after initial series
Canine Parainfluenza
- noncore
- modified live vaccines
- part of kennel cough complex: causes respiratory symptoms that are highly transmissible
Leptospirosis Vaccine
- noncore
- adverse reactions are more commonly seen with this vaccine (smaller dogs)
- endemic areas w/ lakes, rivers, rain, or hunting animals may be recommended (has become popular in suburban areas)
- is spread through infected urine (usually puddles that dogs drink from)
- zoonotic disease
Leptospirosis vaccine (series)
- first does at 8 wks
- booster 2-4 wks later
- revaccinate annually
Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine
- noncore
- kennel cough complex: respiratory symptoms (honking cough)
Bordetella (live avirulent bacteria) + Parainfluenza (IN administration)
- single dose as early as 3 weeks of age. possible booster in 2-4 wks
-revaccinate annually or more often
Bordetella bronciseptica (PO administration)
- first dose at 8 weeks possible booster 2-4 wks later
- revaccinate annually
Bodertalla bronchiseptica (SQ administration)
- first dose at 8 wks. possible booster 2-4 wks later
- revaccinate annually
- not accepted at all facilities- used mostly for aggressive canines
Lyme disease
- bacteria spread by ticks- dependent on dog’s lifestyle
- initial dose may be given at 8 wks of age or older. repeat dose 2 to 4 wks
- revaccinate yearly
Canine influenza
- bacteria spread by respiratory fluid droplets
- vaccine effective against virus strains H3N2 and H3NB
- initial dose may be given at 8 wks of age or older. repeat dose 2 to 4 wks later
- revaccinate yearly (check w/ vet)
Rattlesnake Toxoid
- 2 doses are recommended spaced 1 month apart w/ annual booster given in the spring or approximately 1 month prior to taking the dogs into rattlesnake habit
- polyvalent antivenin therapy is an alternative to vaccination
- vets choosing this toxoid should be aware of lack peereviewed published data
Heartworm Tests
- completed at patients first annual visit- about 1 yr of age
- some vets may use “microfilaria check”, should not be a sole diagnostic test
- transmitted by mosquitos
- only prevention is heartworm prevention
- expensive to treat, especially for large dogs
Heartworm prevention
- trifexis sentinel
- heartguard
- simparico trio
- tri- heart plus
- pro-heart (injection last 1 yr)
Intestinal parasites
- fecal test
- positive: treat current infection, then place on preventative
- most preventatives are included in heartworm preventative
types of intestinal parasites
- roundworms
- hookworms
- whipworms
- tapeworms (from fleas)
- coccidia (protozoa)
Flea & Tick Prevention
- patients should always be checked thoroughly for fleas and ticks
- fleas like to stay on back near the base of tail and the abdomen. check for live fleas and flea dirt
- most preventative is tied w/ heartworm prevention, there are some that only focus on fleas ticks
Flea & Tick prevention
- Bravecto
- credilio
- nexgard
- seresto
- frontline
- comfortis
