Canine Pelvic Limb

Question 1

What are the 4 joints of the tarsus?

Answer 1

Tarsocrural Joint, Proximal Intertarsal Joint, Distal Intertarsal Joint, Tarsometatarsal Joint.

Question 2

What does the central tarsal bone rest on?

Answer 2

Tarsal bones 2 and 3

Question 3

What does tarsal bone 4 rest on?

Answer 3

Metatarsal bones 4 and 5

Question 4

Where is the popliteal lymph node located?

Answer 4

Between the biceps femoris and the semitendinosis at their caudal border. At the level of the stifle.

Question 5

What is the MAJOR flexor of the hip?

Answer 5

Iliopsoas - “hump” and “poop” muscle

Question 6

What are the 4 muscles of the small pelvic association? What is their action?

Answer 6

Internal Obturator
External Obturator
Gemelli
Quadratus Femoris

Laterally rotate the pelvic limb

Question 7

What attaches the patella?

Answer 7

Proximally: The tendon of the quadriceps.
Distally: The Patella Ligament - attaches to the tibial tuberosity.
Medially and Laterally: The Femoropatellar Ligaments.

Question 8

Where to the femoropatella ligaments attach?

Answer 8

The Fabellae bones (sesamoids of the gastrocnemius)

Question 9

Where is the calcaneal bursa located?

Answer 9

Between the SDF and where it passes over the tuber calcanei

Question 10

What are the 2 extensor retinaculums of the canine pelvic limb? Where are they located? Which tendons do they bind?

Answer 10

Crural Extensor Retinaculum - located just above the tarsocrural joint. Binds the tendons of the cranial tibial and the long digital extensor.
Tarsal Extensor Retinaculum - bound to calcaneus. Binds the tendon of the long digital extensor.

Question 11

How many flexor retinacula are there in the pelvic limb? What do/does it/they bind?

Answer 11

There is one.

It binds the tendons of the DDF into the sustentaculum Tali of the calcaneus.

Question 12

What are the 2 main ligaments of the pelvis? What do they attach?

Answer 12

1. Dorsal and Ventral Sacroiliac Ligaments - Attached to the sacral vertebrae and to the ilium.
2. Sacrotuberous Ligament - attached to the sacral vertebrae and the ischiatic tuberosity

Question 13

What are the 2 main ligaments associated with the hip joint? Where do they run?

Answer 13

1. Ligament of the femoral head - from the acetabular fossa to the fovea capitis on the head of the femur.
2. Transverse acetabular ligament - short ligaments that goes around the edge of the acetabular fossa

Question 14

What are the 3 joint sacs associated with the stifle?

Answer 14

1. Lateral Femorotibial Joint Sac - between femoral and tibial lateral condyles.
2. Medial Femorotibial Joint Sac - between femoral and tibial medial condyles
3. Femoropatellar Joint Sac - beneath patella

Question 15

Where is there menisci in regards to the stifle?

Answer 15

There is a medial and a lateral meniscus between the condyles of the femur and the condyles of the tibia.

Question 16

What is the Meniscofemoral ligament? Where does it go?

Answer 16

It is a continuation of the lateral meniscus. It curves and runs proximally through the intercondylar fossa.

Question 17

What do the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the stifle prevent?

Answer 17

Abduction and adduction of the joint.

Question 18

Where is the cranial cruciate ligament attached? What would happen if this ligament ruptured?

Answer 18

Attaches cranially on the tibia and caudally on the femur. If this ligament ruptured you would be able to move the tibia cranially while keeping the femur stationary.

Question 19

Where is the caudal cruciate ligament attached? What would happen if this ligament ruptured?

Answer 19

Attaches cranially to the femur and caudally to the tibia. If this ligament ruptured you would be able to move the tibia caudally while keeping the femur stationary.

Question 20

Where is the dorsal elastic ligament located? What does it do?

Answer 20

Lie on each side of the common digital extensor tendon. Attaches to the middle phalanx proximally and the dorsal unqual crest distally.
It keep the distal interphalangeal joint in overextension (retracts the claws in cats)