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TV3001 > Canine and Feline Infectious disease > Flashcards

Canine and Feline Infectious disease Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

Describe Pelger-Huet anomaly. Which dog breeds does it occur in?

A

Granulocytes have nuclei that are not lobed.

Occurs in Aus shepherds, Cocker spaniels

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2
Q

Which dog breed is commonly known to have Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency? Explain the disease and the symptoms

A

Irish setters

Integrin deficiency which prevents neutrophils from being able to dock for extravasion = can’t leave BV (high blood leukocyte counts)

Results in fever, decreased healing ability, susceptibility to infection

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3
Q

In which dog breed does Canine cyclic neutropaenia commonly occur? Describe the disease

A

Grey collies

Cycles of neutropaenia every 11-12 days due to mutation in APB31 gene which results in neutrophil elastase deficiency

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4
Q

List 4 viral diseases that suppress bone marrow

A
  1. Feline panleukopaenia
  2. Canine parvo
  3. Canine distemper
  4. Feline leukaemia
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5
Q

FIP develops from which virus? Which cells does it mutate in?

A

Feline coronavirus.

Mutates in monocytes

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6
Q

Describe some of the signs of FIP

A
  • fever, lethary, anorexia
  • neuro signs
  • hyperbilirubinaemia and icterus**
  • elevated globulin**
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7
Q

Describe the treatments of FIP since 2017

A
  • Remdesevir25 (pro-drug of GS441524)
  • GS441524
  • Mefloquine 21: if owner can’t afford others
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8
Q

How quickly can you expect the signs of FIP to resolve after treatment?

A
  • Pyrexia in days
  • Effusion in 1-3 wks
  • Anaemia in a few weeks
  • Hyperglobinaemia in 6wks
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9
Q

Describe some of the adverse effects of FIP treatment

A
  • increase in ALT
  • eosinphilia, lymphocytosis
  • nausea or lethargy after IV injection
  • worsening pleural effusion
  • initial worsening hyperglobulinaemia
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10
Q

Compare the transmission of FIV and Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)

A

FIV: cat bites
FeLV: saliva ie bowl sharing, grooming

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11
Q

List 3 causes of feline snuffles

A
  1. Feline rhinotracheitis (FHV1)
  2. Feline calici
  3. Bordetella bronchiseptica
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12
Q

How is feline herpesvirus 1 transmitted and what does it cause?

A

Droplets

Ocular lesions, sneezing

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13
Q

Describe the clinical signs of canine parvo

A
  • haemorrhagic diarrhoea***
  • vomiting
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14
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of canine parvo

A

damage enterocytes at base of villi&raquo_space; loss of microvilli and gut lining

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15
Q

Describe the ways in which you can diagnose canine parvo

A
  • CBC: neutropaenia
  • check electrolytes: hypokalaemia
  • check glucose: hypoglycaemia
  • antigen lateral flow ELISA
  • electron microscopy
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16
Q

How can you treat canine parvo?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • IV fluids
  • potassium supp
  • glucose IV
  • antibiotics
  • pain control?
17
Q

How is canine distemper spread?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • oronasal route
  • shed in resp secretions, vomit, faeces
18
Q

Describe the clinical signs of canine distemper

Study These Flashcards
A
  • enamel hypoplasia
  • hard foot pads
  • hyperkeratosis of nose
  • fever, nasal discharge, diarrhoea
19
Q

How can you diagnose canine distemper?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • inclusions in RBCs, neuts, macs
  • serology (complicated by vacc, need to indicate rising titres)
  • viral isolation
  • RT-PCR
  • CDV antigen testing kits
20
Q

Which virus causes infectious canine hepatitis or “blue eye”? What is the route of infection?

Study These Flashcards
A

Canine adenovirus 1

Oronasal route

21
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of CAV1

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A
  • rep in endothelium, hepatocytes
  • hepatitis, haemorrhage
  • systemic inflam syndrome
  • DIC
  • haemorrhagic viraemic syndrome
22
Q

Describe the clinical signs of CAV1 and how “blue eye” occurs

Study These Flashcards
A
  • vomiting, anorexia
  • fever
  • neuro signs, seizures
  • blue eye: endothelium in cornea allows water into stroma (corneal oedema)
23
Q

How can you diagnose and prevent CAV1

Study These Flashcards
A

Diag: PCR, unvacc, signs

Prevention: vacc

24
Q

List 3 pathogens associated with Kennel cough complex

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Canine parainfluenza
  • Canine herpesvirus
  • CAV2
  • Canine distemper
25
Describe the clinical signs of kennel cough
- dry unproductive cough - bright and alert - irritable trachea
26
Under what circumstances may you suspect lepto?
- risks: farm dogs, rural env, wet env - acute renal and/or liver fail - systemic illness esp if thrombocytopaenia - uveitis/ocular lesions
27
List some of the ways in which you can diagnose lepto
- MAT (microagglutination test): can detect sergroup - ELISA: IgM Ab test - PCR - dark field microscopy - bacterial culture (slow)
28
How can you treat lepto?
- fluids, electrolytes - penicillin, doxycycline - PPE, discard urine
29
Is there a vacc for lepto?
Yes but hard to vacc as many serovars, need annual booster
30
Describe the pathogenesis of Feline panleukopaenia virus
- faecal-oral route - GIT: sloughing, haemorrhage - BM: lymphopaenia, neutropaenia, anaemia, thrombocytosis
31
Describe some of the clinical signs of Feline panleukopaenia virus
- vomiting, diarrhoea >> haemorrhagic - dehydration - anorexia - fever - pallor
32
How can you diagnose Feline panleukopaenia virus?
- Ag ELISA - PCR
33
Compare 4 types of vaccines
Modified live = weakened form of infectious agent - cause mild infection - more likely to cause side effects - strong immunity Killed - req adjuvants to make them "visible" to immune system - weaker immunity - side effects less likely Recombinant = path DNA packaged into vector (can rep but not produce disease) - can't induce disease Molecular
34
Which are the core vaccines for dogs? How often should you revacc?
CAV, canine distemper, canine parvo Every 3 years
35
What are the core vaccines for cats? How often should they be revacc?
Feline panleukopaenia, FHV1, feline calici Every 3 years
36
At what ages should puppies and kittens be vacc?
6, 12, 16 wks and 1 year
37
What is the potential issue with FeLV vaccine?
- Can cause injection site sarcoma which need to be removed with 5cm margin - Hard to choose site: legs, tail, skin over ab best - Hard to administer into leg or tail
38
List some of the arguments for and against annual boosters
For - better compliance (less confusing for owners) - coincide with annual health check - increases vaccine coverage - reduce risk of outbreaks Against - unnecessary for most core vacc - stim immune system unnecessarily could induce autoimmunity - increased cost for owner - masks importance of regular vet checks

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