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TV3001 > Canine and Feline Infectious disease > Flashcards

Canine and Feline Infectious disease Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Pelger-Huet anomaly. Which dog breeds does it occur in?

A

Granulocytes have nuclei that are not lobed.

Occurs in Aus shepherds, Cocker spaniels

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2
Q

Which dog breed is commonly known to have Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency? Explain the disease and the symptoms

A

Irish setters

Integrin deficiency which prevents neutrophils from being able to dock for extravasion = can’t leave BV (high blood leukocyte counts)

Results in fever, decreased healing ability, susceptibility to infection

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3
Q

In which dog breed does Canine cyclic neutropaenia commonly occur? Describe the disease

A

Grey collies

Cycles of neutropaenia every 11-12 days due to mutation in APB31 gene which results in neutrophil elastase deficiency

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4
Q

List 4 viral diseases that suppress bone marrow

A
  1. Feline panleukopaenia
  2. Canine parvo
  3. Canine distemper
  4. Feline leukaemia
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5
Q

FIP develops from which virus? Which cells does it mutate in?

A

Feline coronavirus.

Mutates in monocytes

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6
Q

Describe some of the signs of FIP

A
  • fever, lethary, anorexia
  • neuro signs
  • hyperbilirubinaemia and icterus**
  • elevated globulin**
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7
Q

Describe the treatments of FIP since 2017

A
  • Remdesevir25 (pro-drug of GS441524)
  • GS441524
  • Mefloquine 21: if owner can’t afford others
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8
Q

How quickly can you expect the signs of FIP to resolve after treatment?

A
  • Pyrexia in days
  • Effusion in 1-3 wks
  • Anaemia in a few weeks
  • Hyperglobinaemia in 6wks
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9
Q

Describe some of the adverse effects of FIP treatment

A
  • increase in ALT
  • eosinphilia, lymphocytosis
  • nausea or lethargy after IV injection
  • worsening pleural effusion
  • initial worsening hyperglobulinaemia
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10
Q

Compare the transmission of FIV and Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)

A

FIV: cat bites
FeLV: saliva ie bowl sharing, grooming

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11
Q

List 3 causes of feline snuffles

A
  1. Feline rhinotracheitis (FHV1)
  2. Feline calici
  3. Bordetella bronchiseptica
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12
Q

How is feline herpesvirus 1 transmitted and what does it cause?

A

Droplets

Ocular lesions, sneezing

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13
Q

Describe the clinical signs of canine parvo

A
  • haemorrhagic diarrhoea***
  • vomiting
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14
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of canine parvo

A

damage enterocytes at base of villi&raquo_space; loss of microvilli and gut lining

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15
Q

Describe the ways in which you can diagnose canine parvo

A
  • CBC: neutropaenia
  • check electrolytes: hypokalaemia
  • check glucose: hypoglycaemia
  • antigen lateral flow ELISA
  • electron microscopy
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16
Q

How can you treat canine parvo?

A
  • IV fluids
  • potassium supp
  • glucose IV
  • antibiotics
  • pain control?
17
Q

How is canine distemper spread?

A
  • oronasal route
  • shed in resp secretions, vomit, faeces
18
Q

Describe the clinical signs of canine distemper

A
  • enamel hypoplasia
  • hard foot pads
  • hyperkeratosis of nose
  • fever, nasal discharge, diarrhoea
19
Q

How can you diagnose canine distemper?

A
  • inclusions in RBCs, neuts, macs
  • serology (complicated by vacc, need to indicate rising titres)
  • viral isolation
  • RT-PCR
  • CDV antigen testing kits
20
Q

Which virus causes infectious canine hepatitis or “blue eye”? What is the route of infection?

A

Canine adenovirus 1

Oronasal route

21
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of CAV1

A
  • rep in endothelium, hepatocytes
  • hepatitis, haemorrhage
  • systemic inflam syndrome
  • DIC
  • haemorrhagic viraemic syndrome
22
Q

Describe the clinical signs of CAV1 and how “blue eye” occurs

A
  • vomiting, anorexia
  • fever
  • neuro signs, seizures
  • blue eye: endothelium in cornea allows water into stroma (corneal oedema)
23
Q

How can you diagnose and prevent CAV1

A

Diag: PCR, unvacc, signs

Prevention: vacc

24
Q

List 3 pathogens associated with Kennel cough complex

A
  • Bordetella bronchiseptica
  • Canine parainfluenza
  • Canine herpesvirus
  • CAV2
  • Canine distemper
25
Q

Describe the clinical signs of kennel cough

A
  • dry unproductive cough
  • bright and alert
  • irritable trachea
26
Q

Under what circumstances may you suspect lepto?

A
  • risks: farm dogs, rural env, wet env
  • acute renal and/or liver fail
  • systemic illness esp if thrombocytopaenia
  • uveitis/ocular lesions
27
Q

List some of the ways in which you can diagnose lepto

A
  • MAT (microagglutination test): can detect sergroup
  • ELISA: IgM Ab test
  • PCR
  • dark field microscopy
  • bacterial culture (slow)
28
Q

How can you treat lepto?

A
  • fluids, electrolytes
  • penicillin, doxycycline
  • PPE, discard urine
29
Q

Is there a vacc for lepto?

A

Yes but hard to vacc as many serovars, need annual booster

30
Q

Describe the pathogenesis of Feline panleukopaenia virus

A
  • faecal-oral route
  • GIT: sloughing, haemorrhage
  • BM: lymphopaenia, neutropaenia, anaemia, thrombocytosis
31
Q

Describe some of the clinical signs of Feline panleukopaenia virus

A
  • vomiting, diarrhoea&raquo_space; haemorrhagic
  • dehydration
  • anorexia
  • fever
  • pallor
32
Q

How can you diagnose Feline panleukopaenia virus?

A
  • Ag ELISA
  • PCR
33
Q

Compare 4 types of vaccines

A

Modified live
= weakened form of infectious agent
- cause mild infection
- more likely to cause side effects
- strong immunity

Killed
- req adjuvants to make them “visible” to immune system
- weaker immunity
- side effects less likely

Recombinant
= path DNA packaged into vector (can rep but not produce disease)
- can’t induce disease

Molecular

34
Q

Which are the core vaccines for dogs? How often should you revacc?

A

CAV, canine distemper, canine parvo

Every 3 years

35
Q

What are the core vaccines for cats? How often should they be revacc?

A

Feline panleukopaenia, FHV1, feline calici

Every 3 years

36
Q

At what ages should puppies and kittens be vacc?

A

6, 12, 16 wks and 1 year

37
Q

What is the potential issue with FeLV vaccine?

A
  • Can cause injection site sarcoma which need to be removed with 5cm margin
  • Hard to choose site: legs, tail, skin over ab best
  • Hard to administer into leg or tail
38
Q

List some of the arguments for and against annual boosters

A

For
- better compliance (less confusing for owners)
- coincide with annual health check
- increases vaccine coverage
- reduce risk of outbreaks

Against
- unnecessary for most core vacc
- stim immune system unnecessarily could induce autoimmunity
- increased cost for owner
- masks importance of regular vet checks

TV3001 (8 decks)

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