Candidiasis Flashcards

1
Q

Define candidiasis

A

Infection caused by Candida

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2
Q

Aetiology of candidiasis

2

A

Caused by 15 different Candida species

Candida albicans is the MOST COMMON cause of candidiasis in humans

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3
Q

Main types of candidiasis

5

A
oral candidiasis
oesophageal candidiasis
candidal vulvovaginitis
candidal skin infections
invasive candidal infections
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4
Q

Risk factors for candidiasis

6

A
Broad spectrum antibiotics 
Immunocompromised (e.g. HIV, corticosteroids)
Central venous lines
Cushing’s disease
Diabetes mellitus
GI tract surgery
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5
Q

Epidemiology of candidiasis

prevalence, HIV, fungal

A

60% healthy adult population are carriers
Candidiasis occurs in over 80% people w/ HIV
Candida is one of the most common causes of invasive fungal infections in Western world

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6
Q

Presenting symptoms & signs of oral candidiasis

2

A

Oral thrush - curd like white patches in mouth, can be removed easily revealing underlying red base (most common in neonate)

Lots of subtypes, but main features - redness of tongue & mouth w/ white plaques

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7
Q

Presenting symptoms & signs of oesophageal candidiasis

3

A

Dysphagia
Pain on swallowing food or fluids
AIDs defining illness

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8
Q

Presenting symptoms & signs of candidal skin infections

3

A

Soreness & itching
Skin appearance can be variable
Red, moist skin area w/ ragged peeling edge & possible papules & pustules

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9
Q

Investigations for candidiasis

5

A

Oral candidiasis - swabs & cultures not very useful as a lot of normal people have candid in mouth
Swabs may be relevant to check drug resistance
Therapeutic trials of antifungal (e.g. fluconazole) can help diagnosis
Oesophageal candidiasis - definitive diagnosis by endoscopy
Invasive candidiasis - blood cultures required if candidaemia possible

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