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NURS 1255 > Cancer: PowerPoint > Flashcards

Cancer: PowerPoint Flashcards

1
Q

Neoplasia…

A

Cell growth not needed for normal development or replacement of dead cells

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2
Q

Uterine fibroid tumors
Skin tags
Moles
Endometriosis
Nasal polyps

Are examples of these types of tumor cells

A

Benign

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3
Q

Anaplasia

A

Cells with poor cellular differentiation, losing the morphological characteristics of mature cells

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4
Q

Aneuploidy

A

Abnormal chromesomes

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5
Q

Primary & Secondary Malignant Tumors

Describe

A

Primary: ID by the tissue from which it arose (parent tissue)

Secondary: (metastic)
Cancer cells move from the Primary location and form remote colonies

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6
Q

Names of Cancers

Most diagnosed
Originates in skin or tissues
Lung, Breast, specific skin cancers

A

Carcinomas

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7
Q

Names of Cancers

Arises in the cells that make up our skin pigment

A

Melanoma

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8
Q

Names of Cancers

Cancer that affects the immune system

A

Lymphoma

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9
Q

Names of Cancers

Cancer of the connective tissue, Muscle, Bone, Fat

A

Sarcoma

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10
Q

Names of Cancers

Originates from the hematopoietic system

A

Leukemias

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11
Q

Cancer is stagged using the TNM classification.

What does TNM stand for

A

Tumor size
Lymph node status
Metastasis

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12
Q

Give an example of Carcinogens

Chemical:
Physical:
Viral:

A

Chemical: Tobacco & Alcohol

Physical: Radiation / Chronic Irritation

Viral: (Viruses infect body cells and break DNA strands)

Epstein-Barr (Infectious Mono)
Hep B & C
HPV

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13
Q

Most important risk factor for Cancer

A

Age

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14
Q

This mutant gene increases female risk for breast cancer

A

Chance of developing breast cancer

BRCA1 55 - 65%
BRCA2 45%

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15
Q

A
B
C
D
E

Of cancer

A

Asymmetrical
Border (Uneven border)
Color (Variety of Colors at same time)
Diameter (gets bigger)
Evolution (Changes to the above conditions)

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16
Q

Changes in…..
A sore that doesn’t heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or difficult swallow
Obvious changes to warts or moles
Nagging…..

Unexplained weight loss
Pernicious Anemia

A

Changes in bowel or bladder habits

Nagging cough or persistent hoarseness
Pernicious anemia: Chronic, rare autoimmune disorder
Decrease in red blood cells
. It occurs when the intestines
can’t properly absorb vitamin B12.

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17
Q

Removal of “At Risk” skin tissue (moles & colon polyps) may prevent cancer

A

True

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18
Q

Aspirin + Celecoxib = reduced risk for…

Vitamin D + Tamoxifen = reduced risk for….

A

Aspirin + Celecoxib = reduced risk for colon cancer

Vitamin D + Tamoxifen = reduced risk for breast cancer

19
Q

Which cancer has a vaccine

A

HPV

20
Q

Avoiding Carcinogens
Safe Sex
Diet
Removal of At Risk Tissue
HPV Vaccine

Primary or Secondary health Prevention

A

Primary

21
Q

Regular Cancer Screening

  1. How often fecal Occult blood test
  2. Digital rectal exam starts when
  3. Annual mammogram starting at which age
  4. When to start screening for colon cancer
A
  1. Yearly everyone
  2. 50
  3. 40
  4. 45
22
Q

Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy)

A

Uses SEEDS placed near cancerous tissues.

Movement is restricted after

23
Q

During radiation therapy a client can use non-scented OTC skin lotions and powders to preserve skin integrity

True or False

A

False

Only use prescription

24
Q

When drying skin after radiation use a gente rubbing motion to ensure a dry skin

True or False

A

False

Use a patting motion

25
Q

During IV chemo the nurse should look at site extravasation.

What is extravasation

A

Extravasation is the leakage of a fluid out of its contained space into the surrounding area

26
Q

Oral anticancer drugs are less toxic as IV chemo

True or False

A

False

Same

27
Q

PPE

Administration or Handling of Chemotherapy Patients Excreta

A

Chemo gloves
Chemo gown
Face shield / Mask combo

28
Q

Chemo therapy SE

B
A
M
S
A

A

Bone marrow suppression
Alopecia
Mucositia (Mouth or gut is sore and inflamed)
Skin changes
Anxiety

29
Q

Myelosuppression aka bone marrow suppression has this type of Precaution

A

Neutropenic precaution

No sick visitors

No fresh produce or flowers

Report signs of infection

Bleeding precautions

No contact sports

30
Q

The following are which type of Precautions

No sick visitors

No fresh produce or flowers

Report signs of infection

Bleeding precautions

No contact sports

A

Neutropenic precaution

31
Q

Cooling cap may decrease hair loss during chemotherapy

True or False

A

True

32
Q

Radiation can cause Induced Peripheral Neuropathy

True or False

A

False

Chemotherapy Induces Peripheral Neuropathy

33
Q

Is chemotherapy induced alopecia permanent

A

No. Will grow back after chemotherapy

34
Q

N0 & M0 mean what in the TNM scale

A

No lymph or metastasis

35
Q

Epstein-Barr can cause this type of cancer

A

Lymphomas

36
Q

Cancer but not the treatment can impact the Immune system & Clotting

True or False

A

False

Both effect

37
Q

Myelosupprrssion is…

A

Bone marrow suppression

38
Q

Internal radiation is used in which kind of cancers

A

On smooth organs

39
Q

In myelosuppression 100.4 temp is not a concern and normal

A

False

Can be deadly infection

Myelosuppression causes a reduction in WBCs

40
Q

Goal of neutropenic or reverse isolation precautions

A

To protect the patient from the visitors / outside

41
Q

Give frequent oral hygine to patients with myelosuppression using a alcohol based mouth wash

True or False

A

False

Use alcohol free

42
Q

Can chemo brain be permanent

A

Yes

43
Q

What does chemotherapy do to the immune system?

A

Chemotherapy affects the bone marrow which is where WBCs are formed

This lack of WBC is called Neutropenia (Neutrophils in particular)

Increased susceptibility to infections, slowed healing

44
Q

How does cancer kill

A

Uncontrolled cell growth

Tumor formation

Local tissue invasion

Angiogenesis Cancer cells stimulate formation of New Blood Vessels

Metastasis

Impair organ they are attached to, to function worse

NURS 1255 (13 decks)

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