Cancer: PowerPoint Flashcards
Neoplasia…
Cell growth not needed for normal development or replacement of dead cells
Uterine fibroid tumors
Skin tags
Moles
Endometriosis
Nasal polyps
Are examples of these types of tumor cells
Benign
Anaplasia
Cells with poor cellular differentiation, losing the morphological characteristics of mature cells
Aneuploidy
Abnormal chromesomes
Primary & Secondary Malignant Tumors
Describe
Primary: ID by the tissue from which it arose (parent tissue)
Secondary: (metastic)
Cancer cells move from the Primary location and form remote colonies
Names of Cancers
Most diagnosed
Originates in skin or tissues
Lung, Breast, specific skin cancers
Carcinomas
Names of Cancers
Arises in the cells that make up our skin pigment
Melanoma
Names of Cancers
Cancer that affects the immune system
Lymphoma
Names of Cancers
Cancer of the connective tissue, Muscle, Bone, Fat
Sarcoma
Names of Cancers
Originates from the hematopoietic system
Leukemias
Cancer is stagged using the TNM classification.
What does TNM stand for
Tumor size
Lymph node status
Metastasis
Give an example of Carcinogens
Chemical:
Physical:
Viral:
Chemical: Tobacco & Alcohol
Physical: Radiation / Chronic Irritation
Viral: (Viruses infect body cells and break DNA strands)
Epstein-Barr (Infectious Mono)
Hep B & C
HPV
Most important risk factor for Cancer
Age
This mutant gene increases female risk for breast cancer
Chance of developing breast cancer
BRCA1 55 - 65%
BRCA2 45%
A
B
C
D
E
Of cancer
Asymmetrical
Border (Uneven border)
Color (Variety of Colors at same time)
Diameter (gets bigger)
Evolution (Changes to the above conditions)
Changes in…..
A sore that doesn’t heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump
Indigestion or difficult swallow
Obvious changes to warts or moles
Nagging…..
Unexplained weight loss
Pernicious Anemia
Changes in bowel or bladder habits
Nagging cough or persistent hoarseness
Pernicious anemia: Chronic, rare autoimmune disorder
Decrease in red blood cells
. It occurs when the intestines
can’t properly absorb vitamin B12.
Removal of “At Risk” skin tissue (moles & colon polyps) may prevent cancer
True
Aspirin + Celecoxib = reduced risk for…
Vitamin D + Tamoxifen = reduced risk for….
Aspirin + Celecoxib = reduced risk for colon cancer
Vitamin D + Tamoxifen = reduced risk for breast cancer
Which cancer has a vaccine
HPV
Avoiding Carcinogens
Safe Sex
Diet
Removal of At Risk Tissue
HPV Vaccine
Primary or Secondary health Prevention
Primary
Regular Cancer Screening
- How often fecal Occult blood test
- Digital rectal exam starts when
- Annual mammogram starting at which age
- When to start screening for colon cancer
- Yearly everyone
- 50
- 40
- 45
Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy)
Uses SEEDS placed near cancerous tissues.
Movement is restricted after
During radiation therapy a client can use non-scented OTC skin lotions and powders to preserve skin integrity
True or False
False
Only use prescription
When drying skin after radiation use a gente rubbing motion to ensure a dry skin
True or False
False
Use a patting motion
During IV chemo the nurse should look at site extravasation.
What is extravasation
Extravasation is the leakage of a fluid out of its contained space into the surrounding area
Oral anticancer drugs are less toxic as IV chemo
True or False
False
Same
PPE
Administration or Handling of Chemotherapy Patients Excreta
Chemo gloves
Chemo gown
Face shield / Mask combo
Chemo therapy SE
B
A
M
S
A
Bone marrow suppression
Alopecia
Mucositia (Mouth or gut is sore and inflamed)
Skin changes
Anxiety
Myelosuppression aka bone marrow suppression has this type of Precaution
Neutropenic precaution
No sick visitors
No fresh produce or flowers
Report signs of infection
Bleeding precautions
No contact sports
The following are which type of Precautions
No sick visitors
No fresh produce or flowers
Report signs of infection
Bleeding precautions
No contact sports
Neutropenic precaution
Cooling cap may decrease hair loss during chemotherapy
True or False
True
Radiation can cause Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
True or False
False
Chemotherapy Induces Peripheral Neuropathy
Is chemotherapy induced alopecia permanent
No. Will grow back after chemotherapy
N0 & M0 mean what in the TNM scale
No lymph or metastasis
Epstein-Barr can cause this type of cancer
Lymphomas
Cancer but not the treatment can impact the Immune system & Clotting
True or False
False
Both effect
Myelosupprrssion is…
Bone marrow suppression
Internal radiation is used in which kind of cancers
On smooth organs
In myelosuppression 100.4 temp is not a concern and normal
False
Can be deadly infection
Myelosuppression causes a reduction in WBCs
Goal of neutropenic or reverse isolation precautions
To protect the patient from the visitors / outside
Give frequent oral hygine to patients with myelosuppression using a alcohol based mouth wash
True or False
False
Use alcohol free
Can chemo brain be permanent
Yes
What does chemotherapy do to the immune system?
Chemotherapy affects the bone marrow which is where WBCs are formed
This lack of WBC is called Neutropenia (Neutrophils in particular)
Increased susceptibility to infections, slowed healing
How does cancer kill
Uncontrolled cell growth
Tumor formation
Local tissue invasion
Angiogenesis Cancer cells stimulate formation of New Blood Vessels
Metastasis
Impair organ they are attached to, to function worse
