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SBL > Cancer Pharm Crossword > Flashcards

Cancer Pharm Crossword Flashcards

1
Q

the name given to the hypothesis that underlies the use of multiple rounds of chemotherapy when treating cancer

A

log kill

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2
Q

folic acid analog, folinic acid, used for “rescue” of normal cells from methotrexate and to enhance chemotherapy effects of 5-fluorouracil

A

leucovorin

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3
Q

DNA methylating agent used to treat gliobastoma multiforme

A

temozolomide

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4
Q

anti-CD52 mAb used to treat CLL and multiple sclerosis

A

alemtuzumab

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5
Q

activated by growth factor receptor, its downstream effectors include P13K and RAF

A

RAS

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6
Q

inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, leads to reduced dTMP and thereby reduced DNA synthesis; used for leukemias, lymphomas, autoimmune diseases and medical abortion

A

methotrexate

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7
Q

free radical scavenger administered to minimize nephrotoxicity of platinum chemotherapy agents

A

amifostine

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8
Q

was unable to eliminate cancer cells

A

immune system

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9
Q

mAb that target PD-1 checkpoint on T cells to increase likelihood of T cell activation, multiple uses

A

pembrolizumab

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10
Q

alkylating agent used to ablate patient’s bone marrow before marrow transplantation, causes pulmonary fibrosis and skin hyperpigmentation

A

busulfan

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11
Q

refers to neoplasms that tend to have clear boundaries with normal appearing cells

A

benign

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12
Q

thin knife-like leading edge of invading cancer cells

A

lamellipodia

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13
Q

proteasome inhibitor, uses include treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma

A

bortezomib

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14
Q

inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, used to treat myeloproliferative disorders and to increase HbF in sickle cell disease

A

hydroxyurea

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15
Q

CD20 targeting mAb, it causes the destruction of mature B cells; useful for B-cell derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma and autoimmune diseases with autoantibodies

A

rituximab

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16
Q

antimetabolite decreasing dTMP availability for DNA synthesis, uses include colon and pancreatic cancers and actinic keratosis

A

5-fluorouracil

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17
Q

a thalidomide analog with broad spectrum of chemotherapy actions used for multiple myeloma, myelodysplastic syndromes; a top selling chemotherapeutic agent

A

lenalidomide

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18
Q

develops to chemotherapeutic drugs over time as cancer cells mutate to alter their drug targets, pump drug from cell, metabolize the drug, etc

A

resistance

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19
Q

abbreviation for a well-known tumor suppressor that is aberrant in familial colon cancer

A

APC

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20
Q

refers to neoplasms that usually grow rapidly, invade healthy tissue and have abnormal chromosomes

A

malignant

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21
Q

GnRH antagonist used to treat prostate cancer

A

degarelix

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22
Q

means chemotherapy targets DNA in the resting state/is independent of the stage of cell cycle; these are antitumor antibiotics, platinum compounds, and alkylating agents

A

cell cycle non-specific

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23
Q

vinca alkaloid that inhibits microtubule polymerization, has peripheral neuropathy as adverse effect

A

vincristine

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24
Q

solvent/precursor that remains widely used in industry despite its association with AML

A

benzene

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25
predictable consequences of using monoclonal antibodies against immune checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancer
autoimmune reaction
26
taxane chemotherapy agent used in breast and ovarian carcinomas, blocks the breakdown of polymerized microtubules
paclitaxel
27
next-generation non-steroid androgen antagonist, also impairs translocation of AR to nucleus
enzalutamide
28
17-alpha-hydroxylase / 17/20-lyase inhibitor used to decrease androgen levels for treating prostate cancer
abirataterone
29
mAb targeting CD38 that is overexpressed in multiple myeloma
daratumumab
30
platinum chemotherapy drug, the OX in FOLFOX for pancreatic cancer
oxaliplatin
31
among the platinum chemotherapeutic agents, this class of drugs is effective against a variety of solid tumors
cisplatin
32
intracellular signaling component of receptor tyrosine kinases
JAK/STAT
33
NK1 receptor antagonist useful for treating delayed nausea and vomiting assoc with cancer chemotherapy
aprepitant
34
antitumor antibiotic, MOA is unclear but uses include treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma and testicular cancer, adverse effects are pulmonary fibrosis and flagellated hyperpigmentation of the skin
bleomycin
35
abbreviation for ATP-binding cassette superfamily protein ABCB1, this transporter actively pumps cancer chemotherapeutics out of the cell to keep their concentration too low to be effective
MDR1
36
means rituximab was added to classic chemotherapy combination for a B-cell-derived non-Hodgkin lymphoma
R-CHOP
37
a small molecule inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6
palbociclib
38
most common cancer in males
prostate
39
cancer grading indicating that cancer has spread to distant parts of the body
stage IV
40
gene whose protein is an important regulator at the restriction point for cell division, growth occurs when it is hyperphosphorylated
retinoblastoma
41
accumulates when there is DNA damage to cause cell cycle arrest followed by cell senescence, DNA repair or apoptosis
p53
42
inefficient process by which cancer cells derive most of their energy, it spares the carbon chains needed for the synthesis of new molecules
glycolysis
43
long names ending in this are CAR T-cell drugs
leucel
44
a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, its uses include solid tumors, leukemia, lymphomas, and autoimmune diseases
cyclophosphamide
45
common toxicity of nearly all cytotoxic chemotherapies
GI toxicity
46
refers to the typically small percentage of cancer cells that have limitless replicative potential
stem cells
47
platinum chemotherapy drug, MOA is by cross-linking DNA
carboplatin
48
D2 receptor antagonist used to treat acute nausea and vomiting of cancer chemotherapy
metoclopramide
49
immune checkpoint inhibitor that targets CTLA-4 to increase likelihood of T cell activation
ipilimumab
50
vinca alkaloid that inhibits microtubule polymerization, has myelosuppression as adverse effect
vinblastine
51
chemotherapeutic that is a topoisomerase I inhibitor
topotecan
52
common toxicity of nearly all cytotoxic chemotherapies
alopecia
53
immune checkpoint inhibitor mAb targeting PD-L1
atezolizumab
54
abbreviation for important inhibitor of P13K/AKT signaling, this tumor suppressor in a diverse range of cancers
PTEN
55
classic chemotherapy combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (hydroxydaunorubicin), vincristine (Oncovin), and prednisone use to treat non-Hodgkin lymphoma
CHOP
56
refers to mutated isocitrate dehydrogenase that yields 2-hydroxyglutarate which alters the function of epigenomic regulatory enzymes
oncometabolism
57
GnRH agonist administered continuously to downregulate receptors in pituitary and thereby decrease LH and FSH release, used to treat prostate cancer, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and precocious puberty
leuprolide
58
once widely used because of its fire and heat resistance, now recognized as common cause of occupational cancer (eg mesothelioma)
asbestos
59
mAb that targets HER2 in HER2 positive breast cancer
trastuzumab
60
nitrosourea alkylating agent capable of crossing BBB, used to treat brain cancer (eg glioblastoma multiforme)
carmustine
61
5-HT3 receptor antagonist used to treat acute nausea and vomiting from cancer chemotherapy
granisetron
62
approx. number of cancer cells remaining when the smallest detectable tumor mass (1 cm^3) has 99.9% of its cells killed by a round of chemotherapy
one million
63
common toxicity of nearly all cytotoxic chemotherapies
myelosuppression
64
mAb targeting epidermal growth factor receptor, uses include treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer; noteworthy for prosecutions due to insider trading
cetuximab
65
a nitrogen mustard alkylating agent, hemorrhagic cystitis and bladder fibrosis increasing risk of bladder cancer are adverse effects
ifosfamide
66
example of a monoclonal antibody in combination with a poison that can target cancer cells because of their antigens
adotrastuzumabemtansine
67
may assist with cancer-related health complains such as pain, fatigue and sleep problems
OMM
68
early generation of non-steroidal competitive antagonist at androgen receptor used to prostate cancer
flutamide
69
a taxane, it works by blocking microtubule depolymerization during mitosis
docetaxel
70
chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits topoisomerase I, uses include colon cancer and pancreatic cancer (the IR in FOLFIRINOX)
irinotecan
71
involves harvesting T-cells from patients and giving them a chimeric antigen receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of cancer cells, ideally these will continue to multiply to meet demand when returned to the patient's blood
CAR T-cell therapy
72
abbr. for means of normalizing highly toxic drugs such as cancer chemotherapy, doses calculated based on this tend to be comparable across species
BSA
73
often a component of cancer treatment when there is localized invasion, works best on early-stage cancers
radiation
74
small molecule inhibitor that targets B-RAF, used to treat malignant melanoma with V600E mutation
vemuradenib
75
most common cancer in females
breast
76
third most frequent cancer and third leading cause of cancer-related death in males and females
colon
77
name helps point to its role as Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor for CLL and mantle cell lymphoma
ibrutinib
78
a topoisomerase II inhibitor, drug class uses include testicular and small cell lung cancer, leukemia and lymphoma
teniposide
79
blocks anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, uses include treatment of CLL, AML
ventoclax
80
a thiopurine antimetabolite that is a precursor of mercaptopurine, used to treat ALL and variety of autoimmune disease and organ rejection
azathioprine
81
mutated form of a normal gene that can impact on cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, etc.
oncogene
82
SERM used to treat breast cancer
tamoxifen
83
means chemotherapy only works when the cell is attempting to replicate, includes antimetabolites, topoisomerase inhibitors, and microtubule inhibitors
cell-cycle specific
84
an iron chelator, it is used to offset the cardiotoxicity of anthracycline antitumor antibiotics
dexrazoxane
85
refers to combination of doxorubicin (Adriamycin) bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine used to treat Hodgkin lymphoma
ABVD
86
can be utilized locally to destroy and regionally or whole body in an effort to augment other forms of cancer treatment
hyperthermia
87
small molecule targeting PARP, useful in BRCA positive cancers as they have increased need for PARP-mediated DNA repair
olaparib
88
a GnRH agonist used to treat prostate cancer via receptor downregulation in pituitary to decrease LH and FSH production
goserelin
89
pyrimidine analog antimetabolite that inhibits DNA polymerase, uses include AML and lymphomas
cytarabine
90
anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, drug class that intercalates into DNA to block replication
daunorubicin
91
small molecule inhibitor of JAK 1/2
ruxolitinib
92
an alkylating agent used in Hodgkin lymphoma, exact MOA unknown
procarbazine
93
mAb against PD-1 on T cells
nivolumab
94
sulfhydryl compound that binds the toxic acrolein of nitrogen mustards that causes hemorrhagic cystitis
mesna
95
anthracycline antitumor antibiotic, used for solid tumors, leukemias and lymphomas; dilated cardiomyopathy is a characteristic adverse effect of drug class
doxorubicin
96
D2 receptor antagonist used to treat acute nausea and vomiting of cancer chemotherapy
prochlorperazine
97
cancer staging system that accounts for tumor size, local lymph node invasion, and metastasis
TNM
98
a topoisomerase II inhibitor, blocks the double-strand cutting, uncoiling, re-ligation process needed to relax DNA supercoils prior to replication
etoposide
99
blocks the kinase formed by the BCR-ABL translocation of the Philadelphia chromosome in CML, revolutionized treatment of this leukemia
imatinib
100
cancer that causes most deaths in males and females
lung
101
potentially curative for cancer, can also be preventative, diagnostic, palliative, etc
surgery
102
5-HT3 receptor antagonist used to treat acute nausea and vomiting from cancer chemotherapy
ondansetron
103
fully humanized CD20 mAb, greater ability to active NK cells than rituximab
obinutuzumab
104
mAb that treats cancer by targeting VEGF-A
bevacizumab

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