cancer pharm

Question 0

what enzyme becomes actived so cells can replicated non stop

Answer 0

telomerase—- extends telomers so they can replicate many many times without getting shorter

Question 1

6 hallmarks for ca

Answer 1

1- evading apoptosis
2- self sufficent with growth signals
3- insensitivity to anti-growth signals
4- sustained angiogenesis
5- tissue invasion and mets
6- limitless replicative potential

Question 2

tumor suppressor

Answer 2

recessive
stops cell proliferation/stimulates apoptosis when needed
LOSS OF FX

Question 3

2 hit hypothesis

Answer 3

germ line ca- mutations are passed onto kid

somatic- not passed– environmental

Question 4

proto-oncogene

Answer 4

is normal it is when it becomes oncogene that is bad — when the cell’s fx is altered “spontaneous neoplasm”

Question 5

oncogene

Answer 5

dominant

no longer needs a ligand to bind because it turns on some protein that stays on

Question 6

conventional ca tx

Answer 6

• surgery
• chemo
• radiation

Question 7

how does chemo stop ca

Answer 7

1- inhibits synth of dna
- damage dna of the affected ca cells— replication and transcription
3- stops replication of dna in the nucleus
4- effects the mitotic spindles so dna can not pull apart

Question 8

how does methotrexate work

Answer 8

higher affinity to bind with DHFR so DTMP (what we need to make DNA) doesn’t have its precursor FH4 to continue the process

Question 9

doxorubicin works how

Answer 9

by inhibiting topoisomerase 2

Question 10

what does topoisomerase 2 do

Answer 10

it opens up dna for replication and translation

so this becomes damaged when inhibited

Question 11

cyclophosphamide works how

Answer 11

stops replication of DNA in the nucleus

alkylating agent with CL- (attaches alkyl groups to guanine in DNA base)

Question 12

Vincristine works how

Answer 12

binds to tubulin so the mitotic spindles are unable to pull apart the chromatids

class: vinca alkaloid

Question 13

how do we do targeted tx

Answer 13

• hormone therapy
• monoclonal antibodies
• tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Question 14

tamoxifen works how

Answer 14

it is a hormonal tx that binds to estrigen receptors and blocks them so coactivators cannot become active and stops growth

it’s a “pro” drug— meaning the active form is a metabolite

Question 15

cetuximab works how

Answer 15

blocks the ligand binding site— it’s high up in the pathway
— blocks the growth signals

Question 16

monoclonal antibodies have 2 mechanisms of action

Answer 16

1- block growth signals

2- stop new blood vessels from forming (angiogenisis)

Question 17

Bevacuzimas works how

Answer 17

stops phosphorilation and therefore no more new BV

Question 18

Vemurafenin is an example of ________ and works how?

Answer 18

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor and it inhibits specific Braf mutated cells from getting phosphorylated… “wild B600” remains unaffected

Question 19

Gleevac is an example of and works on what dx and how

Answer 19

Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Philadelphia choromosome ca
competitively binds to Bcr-Able to inhibit Kinase activity

Question 20

what is the new trend for CA treatment

Answer 20

combo targeted treatment