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abx Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides are excreted how?

A

renally

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2
Q

half time for aminoglycosides

A

2-3 hrs for normal person

20-40 x above for renal failure pt

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3
Q

examples of aminoglycosides

A

streptomycin/kanamycin
gentamicin
amikacin
neomycin

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4
Q

what is special about gentamicin

A

broad spectrum

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5
Q

gentamicin is toxic…?

A

> 9mcg/ml

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6
Q

what is special about neomycin

A

adjunct therapy to hepatic coma

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7
Q

what are some rxns for aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity (dose dependent)
nephrotoxicity (accumulates in the renal cortex=> tubular necrosis….. )
SKELETAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS
prolongs NMB (enhances lidocaine)

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8
Q

what amino glycoside is the most nephrotoxic

A

neomycin

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9
Q

what dx is likely to get muscle weakness from aminoglycosides

A

myastenia Gravis

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10
Q

when would you use cephlasporins

A

with ortho cases bc the all penetrate to the joints!

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11
Q

how are cephlasporins excreted

A

renally

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12
Q

cephlasporins are broad or narrow spectrum

A

broad

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13
Q

name the 3 generations

A

1- cefazolin
2- cefoxitin
3cefotaxime

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14
Q

cross sensitive

A

PCN and cephlasporins

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15
Q

cephlasporins need to be _____ adjusted

A

renally

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16
Q

PCN kills

A

pneumococcal
menigococcal
streptoccoccal

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17
Q

PCS are excreted

A

renal

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18
Q

Rxs for PCN

A

Hypersensitivity, rash, fever-/+, bronchospasm, vasculitis, stevens Johnson
anaphylaxis—- PCN #1 group to cause!

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19
Q

Cephlasporin Rxn

A

rash

anaphylaxis 0.02%

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20
Q

abx classified 2 ways they stop bacteria

A

bactericidal and bactstatic

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21
Q

bactsatic are

A

clindamycin
macrolides
tetracyclines
sulfonamides

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22
Q

bactericidal

A 
aminoglycosides
beta-lactam
vanco
daptomycin
ketolides
metronidazole
quinolones
polymyxin B&C
Rifampin
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23
Q

what would you not give a preggers person

A

aminoglycoside (hearing loss)

tetracycline (Teeth and bone problems), cause fatty liver/pancreatitis and renal injury

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24
Q

beta-lactam family

A

PCNS, Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Beta lactamase inhibitors

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25
AMP B
``` for yeast and fungi IV only (poor po abs) ```
26
how is Amp B excreted
Renal
27
What should you monitor with Amp B
BUN/Creatine
28
Amp B rnx
Fever, chills, dyspnea, HYPOTENTION, impare liver fx, HYPOKALEMIA, decrease platelets, sz, anemia
29
Tetracyclines excreted
Urine and bile
30
tetracycline taken
po
31
doxycycline administered
iv/po *last longer
32
Tetracyclines tx and rxn
tx acne | rxn- perm discolor teeth and phototoxicity
33
Macrolides excreted and metabolized
excreted- in bile! | metabolized c P-450
34
Macrolides ex
erythromycin - can be static or cidal | -----narrow spectrum
35
Macrolides rxn
GI intolerance, n/v increased GI emptying prolong QT= torsades Thrombophlebitis
36
Clindamycin is in ______ class
Linomycins
37
Clindamycin needs decrease dose for-
liver disease
38
clinda for anaerobic or aerobic
anerobes
39
clinda rxn
``` severe diarrhea (pseudomembraneous colitis) Pre and post effects an NMJ ```
40
Clinda and anesthesia considerations
Large doses may = long lasting NMB | not antagonized with anticholinergicesterases/ca
41
clinda is used for
SERIOUS gi/gyn tract infections
42
Vanco is used for ______ procedures | and what bugs
cardiac, ortho, csf and shunt procedures | severe staph, streptococcal/enterococcal, MRSA, and PCN and Cephalosporin allergy
43
Vanco RXN
hyPOtension when infused too quick, red man's syndrome, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity (adj dose)
44
Vanco excreted ? and e1/2t
renal | 6hrs- 9days
45
Vanco is a ______ derivative | dose
glycopeptide | 10-15mg/kg over 60 min
46
Sulfonamides for …. | excretion and metabolism
UTi Hepatic metabolism renal excretion
47
Sulfonamides rxn
skin rash->anaphylaxis fever, hepatotoxicity, hemolitic anemia, INCREASES EFFECT OF PO ANTICOAGULANTS
48
POLYMYXIN B AND Colistimetnate for
Uti/skin/mucous membrane eyes and ears inf
49
Poly elem by
kidney
50
poly B and C rxn
highly nephrotoxic and most potent in their action at the NMJ
51
Metronidazole for
cns inf, abd/pelvice sepsis/ pseudomem colitis
52
Fluorodquinolones ex and for
cipro- bone soft tissue and reap tract | GI and GU inf
53
Flouroquinolones excreted
renal and need renal doses
54
flouroquinolones are _____ spectrum e1/2t may inhibit
broad 3-8hr can inhibit c-p450 enz
55
rifampin administered? | excreted
iv/po | excreted bile/urine
56
rifampin is ____ soluble to get to ______ | rxn
fat soluble to Cns | thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatitis, skeletal weakness, INDUCES C- P450
57
Interferons
glycoproteins from response to viral infections
58
side effects of interferons
``` flu like s/s hematologic tox depression and irritability decreased mental conc development of autoimmune conditions rashes, alopecia changes in cv, thyroid, hepatic fx ```
59
interferon for....?
hep c chron heb b nasal sprays
60
antivirals for aids
NRTIs- imposter NNRTIs-- inhibit fx of enz used by vrus protease inhibitors combo tx
61
side effects of antivirals
many and varied side effects--- pancreatitis, hepatotox, LA, fat redistribu, increase in cholest and triglycerides, hypersenstiy
62
protease inhibitors side effects
inhibit cp450 (ritonavir most potent with inhib cp450) large plasma increases of many drugs--- analgesics, lido, antimrobials, anticonv, anticoags, antiemetics, ca channel blockers
63
Clincamycin is broad or narrow spectrum
Narrow
64
Of the 3 pcns which is most likely to cause a rash
Ampicillin

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