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pharm 1 > abx > Flashcards

abx Flashcards

1
Q

Aminoglycosides are excreted how?

A

renally

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2
Q

half time for aminoglycosides

A

2-3 hrs for normal person

20-40 x above for renal failure pt

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3
Q

examples of aminoglycosides

A

streptomycin/kanamycin
gentamicin
amikacin
neomycin

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4
Q

what is special about gentamicin

A

broad spectrum

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5
Q

gentamicin is toxic…?

A

> 9mcg/ml

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6
Q

what is special about neomycin

A

adjunct therapy to hepatic coma

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7
Q

what are some rxns for aminoglycosides

A

ototoxicity (dose dependent)
nephrotoxicity (accumulates in the renal cortex=> tubular necrosis….. )
SKELETAL MUSCLE WEAKNESS
prolongs NMB (enhances lidocaine)

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8
Q

what amino glycoside is the most nephrotoxic

A

neomycin

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9
Q

what dx is likely to get muscle weakness from aminoglycosides

A

myastenia Gravis

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10
Q

when would you use cephlasporins

A

with ortho cases bc the all penetrate to the joints!

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11
Q

how are cephlasporins excreted

A

renally

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12
Q

cephlasporins are broad or narrow spectrum

A

broad

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13
Q

name the 3 generations

A

1- cefazolin
2- cefoxitin
3cefotaxime

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14
Q

cross sensitive

A

PCN and cephlasporins

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15
Q

cephlasporins need to be _____ adjusted

A

renally

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16
Q

PCN kills

A

pneumococcal
menigococcal
streptoccoccal

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17
Q

PCS are excreted

A

renal

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18
Q

Rxs for PCN

A

Hypersensitivity, rash, fever-/+, bronchospasm, vasculitis, stevens Johnson
anaphylaxis—- PCN #1 group to cause!

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19
Q

Cephlasporin Rxn

A

rash

anaphylaxis 0.02%

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20
Q

abx classified 2 ways they stop bacteria

A

bactericidal and bactstatic

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21
Q

bactsatic are

A

clindamycin
macrolides
tetracyclines
sulfonamides

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22
Q

bactericidal

A 
aminoglycosides
beta-lactam
vanco
daptomycin
ketolides
metronidazole
quinolones
polymyxin B&C
Rifampin
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23
Q

what would you not give a preggers person

A

aminoglycoside (hearing loss)

tetracycline (Teeth and bone problems), cause fatty liver/pancreatitis and renal injury

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24
Q

beta-lactam family

A

PCNS, Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Beta lactamase inhibitors

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25
Q

AMP B

A 
for yeast and fungi
IV only (poor po abs)
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26
Q

how is Amp B excreted

A

Renal

27
Q

What should you monitor with Amp B

A

BUN/Creatine

28
Q

Amp B rnx

A

Fever, chills, dyspnea, HYPOTENTION, impare liver fx, HYPOKALEMIA, decrease platelets, sz, anemia

29
Q

Tetracyclines excreted

A

Urine and bile

30
Q

tetracycline taken

A

po

31
Q

doxycycline administered

A

iv/po *last longer

32
Q

Tetracyclines tx and rxn

A

tx acne

rxn- perm discolor teeth and phototoxicity

33
Q

Macrolides excreted and metabolized

A

excreted- in bile!

metabolized c P-450

34
Q

Macrolides ex

A

erythromycin - can be static or cidal

—–narrow spectrum

35
Q

Macrolides rxn

A

GI intolerance, n/v increased GI emptying
prolong QT= torsades
Thrombophlebitis

36
Q

Clindamycin is in ______ class

A

Linomycins

37
Q

Clindamycin needs decrease dose for-

A

liver disease

38
Q

clinda for anaerobic or aerobic

A

anerobes

39
Q

clinda rxn

A 
severe diarrhea (pseudomembraneous colitis)
Pre and post effects an NMJ
40
Q

Clinda and anesthesia considerations

A

Large doses may = long lasting NMB

not antagonized with anticholinergicesterases/ca

41
Q

clinda is used for

A

SERIOUS gi/gyn tract infections

42
Q

Vanco is used for ______ procedures

and what bugs

A

cardiac, ortho, csf and shunt procedures

severe staph, streptococcal/enterococcal, MRSA, and PCN and Cephalosporin allergy

43
Q

Vanco RXN

A

hyPOtension when infused too quick, red man’s syndrome, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity (adj dose)

44
Q

Vanco excreted ? and e1/2t

A

renal

6hrs- 9days

45
Q

Vanco is a ______ derivative

dose

A

glycopeptide

10-15mg/kg over 60 min

46
Q

Sulfonamides for ….

excretion and metabolism

A

UTi
Hepatic metabolism
renal excretion

47
Q

Sulfonamides rxn

A

skin rash->anaphylaxis
fever, hepatotoxicity, hemolitic anemia,
INCREASES EFFECT OF PO ANTICOAGULANTS

48
Q

POLYMYXIN B AND Colistimetnate for

A

Uti/skin/mucous membrane eyes and ears inf

49
Q

Poly elem by

A

kidney

50
Q

poly B and C rxn

A

highly nephrotoxic and most potent in their action at the NMJ

51
Q

Metronidazole for

A

cns inf, abd/pelvice sepsis/ pseudomem colitis

52
Q

Fluorodquinolones ex and for

A

cipro- bone soft tissue and reap tract

GI and GU inf

53
Q

Flouroquinolones excreted

A

renal and need renal doses

54
Q

flouroquinolones are _____ spectrum
e1/2t
may inhibit

A

broad
3-8hr
can inhibit c-p450 enz

55
Q

rifampin administered?

excreted

A

iv/po

excreted bile/urine

56
Q

rifampin is ____ soluble to get to ______

rxn

A

fat soluble to Cns

thrombocytopenia, anemia, hepatitis, skeletal weakness, INDUCES C- P450

57
Q

Interferons

A

glycoproteins from response to viral infections

58
Q

side effects of interferons

A 
flu like s/s
hematologic tox
depression and irritability
decreased mental conc
development of autoimmune conditions
rashes, alopecia
changes in cv, thyroid, hepatic fx
59
Q

interferon for….?

A

hep c
chron heb b
nasal sprays

60
Q

antivirals for aids

A

NRTIs- imposter
NNRTIs– inhibit fx of enz used by vrus
protease inhibitors
combo tx

61
Q

side effects of antivirals

A

many and varied side effects— pancreatitis, hepatotox, LA, fat redistribu, increase in cholest and triglycerides, hypersenstiy

62
Q

protease inhibitors side effects

A

inhibit cp450
(ritonavir most potent with inhib cp450)
large plasma increases of many drugs— analgesics, lido, antimrobials, anticonv, anticoags, antiemetics, ca channel blockers

63
Q

Clincamycin is broad or narrow spectrum

A

Narrow

64
Q

Of the 3 pcns which is most likely to cause a rash

A

Ampicillin

pharm 1 (5 decks)

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