cancer & laryngectomy Flashcards
tobacco kills over ___ people a year and second hand smoke kills over ____ people a year
5 million; 600,000
name some ingredients found in tobacco
acetone, urea, toluene, acetic acid, formaldehyde
T or F: American Thoracic Society sets standards
True
laryngeal cancer occurs in ____ Americans per year and causes ___ deaths
15,000 +; 4,800
90% of laryngeal cancers are ____
squamous cell carcinomas
cancer involving the glottis accounts for ___ of laryngeal cancers; supraglottic ___; and subglottic _____
65%; 35%; 5%
the risk of second primary tumors has been reported at ____
25%
the overall 5 yr survival rate of glottis cancer is ____
85%
cancer staging is based on:
primary tumor, tumor size, lymph node involvement, cell type and tumor grade (how close to normal cells), and metastasis
what does TNM stand for?
T: primary tumor
N: regional lymph node
M: distant metastasis
describe TX, T0, Tis, [T1,T2, T3, T4]
TX: primary tumor can not be evaluated
T0: no evidence of primary tumor
Tis: in situ, early cancer has not spread to neighboring tissue
T1,T2,T3,T4: size and extent of primary tumor
describe NX, N0, [N1,N2,N3]
NX: regional lymph nodes can not be evaluated
N0: no regional lymph node involvement
N1,N2,N3: involvement of regional lymph node
describe MX, M0, M1
MX: distant metastasis can not be evaluated
M0: no distant metastasis
M1: distant metastasis
describe stages using the TNM system for each
Stage 0: Tis, N0, M0
Stage 1: T1, N0, M0
Stage 2: T2, N0, M0
Stage 3: T3, N0, M0
T1, N1, M0
T2, N1, M0
T3, N1, M0
Stage 4A: T4, N0, M0
T4, N1, M0
Any T, N2, M0
Stage 4B: Any T, N3, M0
Stage 4C: Any T, Any N, M1oral cancers include
floor of mouth, tongue, mandible, maxilla, palate
