Cancer drugs

Question 1

P53 mutation

Answer 1

occurs in 50% of all human tumors. leads to resistance to therapy.

Question 2

Imatinib (Gleevec)

Answer 2

Tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor used for multiple types of cancers such as myelogenous leukemia

nephrotoxic

Question 3

Hormones

Answer 3

used as treatment for prostate and breast cancers

Question 4

Retinoic acid

Answer 4

induced differentiantion of some leukemias. (promeylocytic leukemia)

Question 5

Cyclophosphamide

Answer 5

Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Leukemia, Breast cancer, multiple myeloma.

Alkylates DNA causing miscoding

Can cause: nausea, damage to rapidly growing tissues. CARCINOGENIC

Question 6

Procarbazine

Answer 6

NITROSOUREA
used for combination regimens for hodgkin lymphoma

CROSS BBB, treat brain tumors

Question 7

Cisplatin

Answer 7

platinum analog

Nephrotoxic

Question 8

Methyltrexate

Answer 8

antimetabolite
inhibits tetrahydrofolate- interferes with formation of DNA.
Treats H&N and breast cancers.

Mucositis and diarrhea

Question 9

Vinblastine

Answer 9

VINCA alkaploids
inhibits tubulin polymerization. ARRESTS CELLS IN DIVISION

can be combined with steroids

treats breast cancer

Question 10

Doxorubicin

Answer 10

Treats breast cancer.
anthracyclines- antibiotic

form free radicals

treat lymphoma, breast and thyroid cancers

RED URINE

Question 11

Prostate Cancer

Answer 11

most common for men

Question 12

Breast cancer

Answer 12

most common for women

Question 13

lung cancer

Answer 13

most common deadly cancer

Question 14

Chemotherapy

Answer 14

used after primary treatment, to prevent second tumor dev.

Question 15

Erlotinib

Answer 15

Blocks ECGR

treats: non-small cell lung and pancreatic cancer

Question 16

Principles of drug combos

Answer 16

• Usually single drugs at clinically tolerable doses does not cure cancer alone.
• Efficiency usually better in combinations
• Avoid toxicity overlap
• Design optimal scheduling

Question 17

Drug resistance

Answer 17

melanoma has primary resistance, needs multiple exposures

Question 18

5-fluorouracil

Answer 18

inhibits thymidine synthase, decreased DNA synthase and DNA synth

Treats Colorectal, anal, breast, H&N and hepatic cancers.

Question 19

ALL

Answer 19

most common cancer in children

Question 20

AML

Answer 20

most common acute form of leukemia in adults

Cytarabine is single most active agent

Question 21

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Answer 21

Reed sterberg cells
EBV
Treat with anthracycline, doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine

Question 22

multiple myeloma

Answer 22

bone marrow

treat with alkylating agent + prednisone

Question 23

Breast cancer

Answer 23

stage 1- treat with surgery alone
stage 2- positive, use chemo post-op
stage3-4- major challenge

Question 24

prostate cancer

Answer 24

use LH agonists

Question 25

GI cancer

Answer 25

colorectal cancer most common GI malignancy

treat with 5-fluorouracil

Question 26

secondary malignacies

Answer 26

late complications of alkylating agents

most common: AML