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Cellular Regulation > Cancer Development > Flashcards

Cancer Development Flashcards

0
Q

what are the 3 main risk factors for cancer

A

age
genetics
environment

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1
Q

when does survivorship begin

A

at the time of diagnosis

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2
Q

what is an iatrogenic risk

A

induced by medical treatment

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3
Q

what are 2 types of iatrogenic risks

A

hormones

immunosuppression

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4
Q

what is cell division like for malignant cells

A

rapid

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5
Q

what is the nucleus like for malignant cells

A

large

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6
Q

what is the adherence like for malignant cells

A

loose

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7
Q

what is the mitotic index (replication time) for malignant cells

A

high/fast

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8
Q

what are most cancers related to

A

lifestyle

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9
Q

what is apoptosis

A

programmed cell death - cancer cells do not have this

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10
Q

what is angiogenesis

A

tumors that cause the body to provide them with nutrients because blood vessels attach to them

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11
Q

which type of cancer usually metastasized to the brain, bone, liver, & pancreas

A

lung cancer

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12
Q

which cancer metastasizes to just the liver

A

colorectal cancer

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13
Q

which cancer metastasizes to the bone, brain, lung, & liver

A

breast cancer

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14
Q

which cancer metastasizes to the bone & lung

A

prostate cancer

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15
Q

benign tumors grow by __________ while malignant tumors grow by ________

A

benign - expansion

malignant - invasion

16
Q

what happens when cancer cells lose apoptosis

A

infinite lifespan

17
Q

what is primary prevention for cancer

A

avoid exposure to known causes

18
Q

what is secondary prevention for cancer

A

screening

19
Q

what age should pts start getting mammograms

A

40

20
Q

what age should pts start getting colonoscopy

A

50

21
Q

what age should pts start getting PSA tests

A

50

22
Q

what age should pts start getting PAP tests

A

21 or sexually active

23
Q

what age should pts start breast self exams

A

20’s

24
Q

what age should pts start getting DREs

A

50

25
Q

what does the grade of a cancer tell

A

the aggressiveness

26
Q

what does the stage of a cancer tell

A

size

metastasis

27
Q

what does TNM stand for

A

tumor
node
metastasis

28
Q

what are the 7 “caution” warning signs of cancer

A 
Change in bowel or bladder
A lesion that won't heal
Unusual bleeding/lump
Thickening or lump
Indigestion/difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart/mole
Nagging cough/hoarseness

Cellular Regulation (16 decks)

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