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Kelly Phatm > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Alkylating drugs

A

Nonspecific
x-link DNA

Cyclophosphamine
Chlorambucil
Melphalan
Lomustine
Procarbazine
Cisplatin
Carboplatin
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2
Q

Alkylating drugs

Mustard gas derivatives

A

Cyclophosphamine
Chlorambucil
Melphan

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3
Q

Cyclophosphamine

A

Require liver activation = acrolein (cause hemmoragic cystitis)
Tx: pred(diuretic) n-acelylcytene(antioxidant)
MESNA = antidote

SIADHS (hyponatremia via innaproprate ADH)
=lymphoma/hemangiosarcoma

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4
Q

Chlorambucil

A

Non specific alkylating agent Mustard gas deriv xlink DNA
Sub for clyclophosphamine (dec toxicity but dec efficacy)
KEEP COLD
= chronic lymphocytic leukemia and feline small cell lymphoma

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5
Q

Melphalan

A

Non specific alkylating agent Mustard gas deriv xlink DNA

=multiple myeloma

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6
Q

Lomustine

A

Non specific alkylating agent nitrosourease xlink DNA

90% PO absorption
Hepatotoxicity (tx:alipoic acid)
CROSS BBB
= lymphoma in brain

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7
Q

Procarbazine

A

Non specific alkylating agent non nitro deriv xlink DNA

“Maryland”
Rescue drug only use when others not working

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8
Q

Cisplatin

A

Non specific alkylating agent Platinum derivative deriv xlink DNA

“Plantol” 
*KILLS CATS*
Inc proton binding = local effect (esp horses)
Renal toxicity and severe nausea 
Not common in vet med 
= osteosarcoma and SCC
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9
Q

Carboplatin

A 
Non specific alkylating agent Platinum derivative deriv xlink DNA
“Paraplatin”
Feline safe!
More commonly used for dec toxicity 
W/ cancer vaccine = osteosarcoma
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10
Q

Anti cancer Antibiotics

A

Phase nonspecific
Anthracyclines

Inhibit topoisomerase II
Vesicants

Doxorubicin
Actinomyces D
Mitoxantrone

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11
Q

Doxorubicin

A

Phase nonspecific antibiotic inhibit topoisomerase II vesicant
Dose dec if bilirubin inc
*CARDIOTOXICITY and Anaphylaxis
Secretion on active form esp in cats
Dexrazone (zinecard)= protective against for toxicity
= lymphoma and sub for carboplatin for osteosarcoma sand hemangiosarcoma a

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12
Q

Major side effect/ toxicity of doxorubicin

A

Besicant and cardiotoxicity

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13
Q

Protective agent for doxorubicin toxicity

A

Derazone

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14
Q

Actinomycin D

A

Phase nonspecific antibiotic inhibit topoisomerase II vesicant

Non cardio toxic sub for doxorubicin =lymphoma
Fecal and urine excretion

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15
Q

Mitoxantrone

A

Phase nonspecific antibiotic inhibit topoisomerase II vesicant

No free radical damage (dec effectiveness)
Expensive (blue green urine)
= TCC + thymomas

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16
Q

Phase nonspecific enzymes

A

L asparagine

17
Q

L aspaaragine

A

Enz degrades asparagine (max@G1)
Effective 1st line drug (= clinical remission)
* ANAPHYLAXIS by foreign bacterial protein
Alone NOT myelosuppressive but may inc vincristine mylosuppresion
SUBQ
=lymphoma

18
Q

Risk of Lasparaginase

A

ANAPHYLAXIC

19
Q

Hormone cancer therapy

A

Prednisone
Immunosuppressive steroid inhibits DNA sxn
Don’t use w/NSAIDS
= lymphoma mast cell insulin ima intracranial neoplasia

20
Q

Targeted therapy

A 
Receptor tyrosine (RT) kinase inhibitors 
   Toceranib (KIT PDGF VEGF)
   Masitnib (KIT PDGF) 
DNA polymerase inhibition 
   Tanovea-Ca1
21
Q

Toceranib

A

RT kinase inhibitor (KIT PDGF VEGF)
Primarily KIT action
Negative effect on BM GI SKIN RENAL
=mast cell

22
Q

Masitnib

A 
RT kinase inhibitor (KIT PDGF VEGF)
More selective for KIT than toceranib 
Primary action on PDGF 
Negative effect on BM GI SKIN RENAL
=mast cell

NOT FDA approved

23
Q

Tanovea CA1

A 
Targeted therapy DNA polymerase inhibition
“Rabacfosadine” 
Active excretion up to 5 days 
Activated by liver
PULMONARY FIBROSIS esp terriers 
Vomit skin and sec appetite
24
Q

Risk of tanovea

A

Pulmonary fibrosis (esp terriers)

25
Q

Phase specific anti cancers

A 
Antimetabolites
   Cysteine arabinoside 
    Methotrexate 
Plant alkaloids
   Vincristine 
    Vinblastin
26
Q

Antimetabolites

A

Target DNA sxn: S phase
Insert nonfunctional nucleotides into DNA
Allow radiation to have inc effect
Inc BM damage … should give colony stimulating unity (fulcristine)
Cross BBB

Cytosine arabinoside (cytosar)
Methotrexate
27
Q

Cytosine arabinoside (cytosar)

A 
Phase specific antimetabolite (S)
Insert nonfunctional pyrimidine 
CRI
Crosses BBB
= lymphoma + CNS tumors
28
Q

Methotrexate

A

Phase specific antimetabolite (S)

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (= no Purine)
CROSSES BBB
Reversible w/ leucovorin
= lymphoma CNS tumor and osteosarcoma

29
Q

Plant alkaloids

A

M phase specific
bind spindles prevent either assembly or disassembly
VESICANT

30
Q

Vincristine

A

Pause M specific plant alkaloids prevents assembly of spindles

Hepatic secretion (dose dec with inc bilirubin)
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
= lymphoma

31
Q

Negative effect or vincristine

A

Peripheral neuropathy

32
Q

Vinblastin

A

Pause M specific plant alkaloids prevents assembly of spindles

Hepatic secretion( dec dose w/ inc bilirubin)
= MAST CELL TUMOR
33
Q

Vinblastin tumor type

A

MAsT CELL TUMOR

34
Q

Antidote to clyclophosphamine hemmoragic cystitis

A

MESNA

35
Q

What causes hemmoragic cystitis

A

Active acrolein from liver activation of cyclophosphamine

36
Q

Side effects of CYCLOPHOSPHAMINE

A

Hemmoragic cystitis
TCC
SIADHS

37
Q

Which drug has 90% absorption PO

A

Lomustine

Alkylating drug

Kelly Phatm (6 decks)

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