Cancer Flashcards
Alkylating drugs
Nonspecific
x-link DNA
Cyclophosphamine Chlorambucil Melphalan Lomustine Procarbazine Cisplatin Carboplatin
Alkylating drugs
Mustard gas derivatives
Cyclophosphamine
Chlorambucil
Melphan
Cyclophosphamine
Require liver activation = acrolein (cause hemmoragic cystitis)
Tx: pred(diuretic) n-acelylcytene(antioxidant)
MESNA = antidote
SIADHS (hyponatremia via innaproprate ADH)
=lymphoma/hemangiosarcoma
Chlorambucil
Non specific alkylating agent Mustard gas deriv xlink DNA
Sub for clyclophosphamine (dec toxicity but dec efficacy)
KEEP COLD
= chronic lymphocytic leukemia and feline small cell lymphoma
Melphalan
Non specific alkylating agent Mustard gas deriv xlink DNA
=multiple myeloma
Lomustine
Non specific alkylating agent nitrosourease xlink DNA
90% PO absorption
Hepatotoxicity (tx:alipoic acid)
CROSS BBB
= lymphoma in brain
Procarbazine
Non specific alkylating agent non nitro deriv xlink DNA
“Maryland”
Rescue drug only use when others not working
Cisplatin
Non specific alkylating agent Platinum derivative deriv xlink DNA
“Plantol” *KILLS CATS* Inc proton binding = local effect (esp horses) Renal toxicity and severe nausea Not common in vet med = osteosarcoma and SCC
Carboplatin
Non specific alkylating agent Platinum derivative deriv xlink DNA “Paraplatin” Feline safe! More commonly used for dec toxicity W/ cancer vaccine = osteosarcoma
Anti cancer Antibiotics
Phase nonspecific
Anthracyclines
Inhibit topoisomerase II
Vesicants
Doxorubicin
Actinomyces D
Mitoxantrone
Doxorubicin
Phase nonspecific antibiotic inhibit topoisomerase II vesicant
Dose dec if bilirubin inc
*CARDIOTOXICITY and Anaphylaxis
Secretion on active form esp in cats
Dexrazone (zinecard)= protective against for toxicity
= lymphoma and sub for carboplatin for osteosarcoma sand hemangiosarcoma a
Major side effect/ toxicity of doxorubicin
Besicant and cardiotoxicity
Protective agent for doxorubicin toxicity
Derazone
Actinomycin D
Phase nonspecific antibiotic inhibit topoisomerase II vesicant
Non cardio toxic sub for doxorubicin =lymphoma
Fecal and urine excretion
Mitoxantrone
Phase nonspecific antibiotic inhibit topoisomerase II vesicant
No free radical damage (dec effectiveness)
Expensive (blue green urine)
= TCC + thymomas
Phase nonspecific enzymes
L asparagine
L aspaaragine
Enz degrades asparagine (max@G1)
Effective 1st line drug (= clinical remission)
* ANAPHYLAXIS by foreign bacterial protein
Alone NOT myelosuppressive but may inc vincristine mylosuppresion
SUBQ
=lymphoma
Risk of Lasparaginase
ANAPHYLAXIC
Hormone cancer therapy
Prednisone
Immunosuppressive steroid inhibits DNA sxn
Don’t use w/NSAIDS
= lymphoma mast cell insulin ima intracranial neoplasia
Targeted therapy
Receptor tyrosine (RT) kinase inhibitors Toceranib (KIT PDGF VEGF) Masitnib (KIT PDGF) DNA polymerase inhibition Tanovea-Ca1
Toceranib
RT kinase inhibitor (KIT PDGF VEGF)
Primarily KIT action
Negative effect on BM GI SKIN RENAL
=mast cell
Masitnib
RT kinase inhibitor (KIT PDGF VEGF) More selective for KIT than toceranib Primary action on PDGF Negative effect on BM GI SKIN RENAL =mast cell
NOT FDA approved
Tanovea CA1
Targeted therapy DNA polymerase inhibition “Rabacfosadine” Active excretion up to 5 days Activated by liver PULMONARY FIBROSIS esp terriers Vomit skin and sec appetite
Risk of tanovea
Pulmonary fibrosis (esp terriers)
Phase specific anti cancers
Antimetabolites
Cysteine arabinoside
Methotrexate
Plant alkaloids
Vincristine
VinblastinAntimetabolites
Target DNA sxn: S phase
Insert nonfunctional nucleotides into DNA
Allow radiation to have inc effect
Inc BM damage … should give colony stimulating unity (fulcristine)
Cross BBB
Cytosine arabinoside (cytosar) Methotrexate
Cytosine arabinoside (cytosar)
Phase specific antimetabolite (S) Insert nonfunctional pyrimidine CRI Crosses BBB = lymphoma + CNS tumors
Methotrexate
Phase specific antimetabolite (S)
Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (= no Purine)
CROSSES BBB
Reversible w/ leucovorin
= lymphoma CNS tumor and osteosarcoma
Plant alkaloids
M phase specific
bind spindles prevent either assembly or disassembly
VESICANT
Vincristine
Pause M specific plant alkaloids prevents assembly of spindles
Hepatic secretion (dose dec with inc bilirubin)
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY
= lymphoma
Negative effect or vincristine
Peripheral neuropathy
Vinblastin
Pause M specific plant alkaloids prevents assembly of spindles
Hepatic secretion( dec dose w/ inc bilirubin) = MAST CELL TUMOR
Vinblastin tumor type
MAsT CELL TUMOR
Antidote to clyclophosphamine hemmoragic cystitis
MESNA
What causes hemmoragic cystitis
Active acrolein from liver activation of cyclophosphamine
Side effects of CYCLOPHOSPHAMINE
Hemmoragic cystitis
TCC
SIADHS
Which drug has 90% absorption PO
Lomustine
Alkylating drug
