Cancer

Question 1

Telomeres

Answer 1

special regions at the end of each chromosome, serve as a buffer zone to guard
against this so-called “end replication problem

Question 2

Cyclin-dependent kinases or Cdks

Answer 2

special proteins that help the cyclins
regulate cell growth. A cyclin-dependent kinase is activated by association with a cyclin, forming
a cyclin-dependent kinase complex. Cdks are also involved in the regulation of protein synthesis

Question 3

Internal regulators

Answer 3

respond to events inside the cell; .an internal regulator makes sure chromosome replication is fully
completed before the cell enters mitosis;

Question 4

External regulators

Answer 4

respond to events from
outside of the cell.
an external regulator on the surface of a neighbouring
cell may cause cells to slow down, or speed up, their growth. .

Question 5

By internal and external controls

Answer 5

How is the cell cycle regulated

Question 6

G0 (G zero) Zone

Answer 6

What is the non dividing state

Question 7

What is the p53 gene

Answer 7

gene that stops the cell cycle until
all chromosomes have been correctly copied

Question 8

The one trait
that all cancers share is out-of-control cellular division.

Answer 8

Whats the one trait all cancers have

Question 9

Whats a tumor

Answer 9

a mass of abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably and can be benign (not spreading) or malignant (cancerous and spreading).

Question 10

Bengin tumor

Answer 10

When a tumour grows in one region of the body and does not move
to other parts of the body, it is called a

Question 11

Malignant

Answer 11

the wild cells or tumours grow into
an area of the body where large blood vessels are present, these
loose cells can travel through the blood and become lodged in other
body tissues.

Question 12

What is metastasis

Answer 12

The movement of cancerous cells via the lymphatic or blood circulatory
systems to a location other than where they originate

Question 13

Radiation therapy

Answer 13

the use of high-energy
radiation to destroy the cancer cells’ ability to
reproduce. The body naturally rids itself of
these destroyed cells. A cancer patient may be
treated with radiation alone

Question 14

Targeted therapy

Answer 14

uses drugs to more precisely
identify and then attack cancer cells, while
leaving normal healthy cells intact

Question 15

Chemotherapy

Answer 15

. It is a
systematic therapy that affects the whole body by going through the
bloodstream. It aims to get rid of any cancer cells that may have spread from
where the cancer began