Cancer

Question 1

What is another name for a tumor

Answer 1

Neoplasm

Question 2

What is a harmful byproduct of a benign tumor

Answer 2

A mass effect (crushes near structures

Question 3

How do malignant tumors travel

Answer 3

Tumor sheds cells that get carried by circulatory system and grow in distant sites

Question 4

How do malignant cells look under a microscope

Answer 4

Disorganized and undifferentiated

Question 5

Malignant cells grow rapid. How do they maintain nutrients

Answer 5

Create their own small vessels

Question 6

What is associated with a malignant tumor

Answer 6

Necrosis, ulceration, cavity formation

Question 7

Where does carcinoma arise from

Answer 7

Epithelial tissue

Question 8

What tissue does adenocarcinomas arise from

Answer 8

Glandular

Question 9

What tissue does sarcoma arise from

Answer 9

Connective tissue

Question 10

What is another name for lung cancer

Answer 10

Bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 11

What tissue is impacted by lung cancer

Answer 11

Epithelialium

Question 12

What are non-small cell carcinomas

Answer 12

Squamous cell carcinoma

Adenocarcinoma

Large cell carcinoma

Question 13

Types of small cell lung carcinoma

Answer 13

Oat cell cancer

Combined or mixed small cell carcinoma

Question 14

What percent of lung cancer is SCLC

Answer 14

10-15%

Question 15

What is the strongest correlation to development of SCLC

Answer 15

Smoking

Question 16

How does SCLC tumors grow

Answer 16

Fast
Large
Spread early

Question 17

Survive of SCLC w/o treatment

Answer 17

1-3 months

Question 18

What percent of people with SCLC respond to treatment

Answer 18

90%

Question 19

Within what time do patients w/ SCLC relapse

Answer 19

24months

Question 20

What percent of lung cancer is squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 20

25-30%

Question 21

How does squamous cell carcinoma grow

Answer 21

Slow
Spreads late
Arises in central bronchus or hilum

Question 22

What percent of lung cancer is adenocarcinoma

Answer 22

40%

Question 23

How do adenocarcinoma tumors grow

Answer 23

Moderate
Spread Early
Situated in peripheral lung

Question 24

What percent of lung cancer is LCC

Answer 24

10-15%

Question 25

Is large cell carcinoma differentiated

Answer 25

No

Question 26

How do large cell carcinoma tumors grow

Answer 26

Fast Early to distant location Situated in periphery and central lung

Question 27

Complication with large cell carcinoma

Answer 27

CW pain, pleural effusion, pneumonia, hemoptysis, and pulmonary cavities

Question 28

Most frequent cancers in the U.S.

Answer 28

Breast Prostate Lung

Question 29

What is the 5 year lung cancer survival percentage

Answer 29

15%

Question 30

How many new cases of lung cancer is there annually

Answer 30

234,580

Question 31

How many people die from lung cancer a year

Answer 31

125,070

Question 32

What is the average age for lung cancer diagnosis

Answer 32

70 years old

Question 33

What percent more likely is black men to get lung cancer than white men

Answer 33

12%

Question 34

What percent more likely are white women to have lung cancer than black women

Answer 34

16%

Question 35

How many people alive today have been diagnosed with lung cancer

Answer 35

380,000

Question 36

How does a transbronchial biopsy work

Answer 36

A bronchoscope is positioned Forceps are extended beyond view of bronchoscope (visible on fluoroscope) Physician bites a sample with forceps Physician pulls forceps out of scope

Question 37

Calculation for pack day

Answer 37

How many packs a day/days for year

Question 38

What is the risk of menthol

Answer 38

Increased because it encourages deeper breaths

Question 39

What is the risk of cigars

Answer 39

Almost as high as cigarettes

Question 40

Difference between a nodule and a mass

Answer 40

A mass is greater than 3cm

Question 41

What causes pancoast syndrome

Answer 41

A tumor near the apex compresses the nerves and vessels of brachial plexus

Question 42

What are the effects of pancoast syndrome

Answer 42

Drooping of one eyelid (ptosis) Small pupils Reduced or absent perspiration on the same side of the face.

Question 43

What causes superior vena cava syndrome

Answer 43

A tumor near upper portion of right lung obstructs blood flow at the SVC

Question 44

What does SVC syndrome do

Answer 44

Vessels of face, neck, arms, upper chest swell with blood causing swelling

Question 45

Explain paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 45

Distant effects on the body due to changes to the bodies metabolism brought on by the tumor

Question 46

Metabolic effects caused by paraneoplastic syndrome

Answer 46

Hypercalcemia Excess growth of bones (fingertips) Blood clots

Question 47

Primary goal of diagnostic procedures (cancer)

Answer 47

Confirm the presence of lung carcinoma Establish the cancer cell type confirm Confirm stage of cancer

Question 48

Ways to search for a tumor

Answer 48

CXR CT PET MRI Bone scan

Question 49

Role of a CT in cancer diagnoses

Answer 49

Shape and size of the lesion

Question 50

Use of a PET scan in a cancer diagnosis

Answer 50

Identify “hot spot” glucose uptake

Question 51

What does TNM stand for

Answer 51

TUMOR How big? Spreading? NODE Metastasis Tumor close or far METASTASIS How distant How many How much

Question 52

Describe the TNM “staging” system for lung cancer

Answer 52

A scale of severity from 0-4

Question 53

What percent of patients with cancer have a cough

Answer 53

50-75%

Question 54

What type of cough is a call for suspension for cancer

Answer 54

New onset in new or former smoker

Question 55

What percent of people with cancer have dyspnea

Answer 55

25-40%

Question 56

Clinical manifestations of cancer

Answer 56

Cough Dyspnea Hoarseness Systematic effects Adventitious Breath sounds

Question 57

What does a dynamic obstruction look like

Answer 57

Decrease in flow on inspiration or exhalation, but not both

Question 58

What does a fixed obstruction look like

Answer 58

Decreased flow on exhalation and inhalation

Question 59

ABG of a localized lung cancer

Answer 59

pH elevated (patient is compensating) PaCO2: low HCO3: normal or low PaO2: low SaO2/SpO2: low If bicarbonate isn’t

Question 60

ABG of a widespread lung cancer

Answer 60

pH: low PaCO2: elevated HCO3: elevated wnl PaO2: low SaO2/SpO2: low

Question 61

Five surgeries for tumor resection

Answer 61

Pneumonectomy Lobectomy Segmentectomy/ wedge resection Sleeve resection Video-assisted thoracic surgery

Question 62

Three specialized bronchoscopic interventions where therapist play a supporting role

Answer 62

Debunking (reduce size) Stent placement Bleeding control (argon plasma coagulation) heat!!!

Question 63

Which type of tumor is encapsulated

Answer 63

Benign (connective tissue)

Question 64

Recommended screening for cancer

Answer 64

Low dose CT scan

Question 65

How are new discovered pulmonary nodules managed

Answer 65

Monitored.