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BIOL 335 Part 1 > Cancer > Flashcards

Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

what is cancer? (2)

A
  • malignant tumours caused by uncontrolled cell division that often spread and destroy organs
  • a genetic disease of somatic cells
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2
Q

what can cancer be caused by?

A
  • mutations in somatic cell genes involved in regulating cell division/cell death/DNA repair
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3
Q

is cancer heritable?

A

no

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4
Q

gain of function mutations (2)

A
  • increased protein activity

- uncontrolled or promiscuous activity

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5
Q

what genes are associated with cancer? (2)

A
  • proto-oncogene

- tumour-suppressor gene

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6
Q

proto-oncogene

A
  • encodes a normal (wild type) protein involved in regulating cells
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7
Q

proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes are involved in: (2)

A
  • promoting cell division

- inhibiting cell death (apoptosis)

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8
Q

oncogene

A
  • gain of function, typically dominant, mutant allele of a proto-oncogene
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9
Q

what kind of proteins to proto-oncogenes encode?

A
  • proteins that are active, but that have activity that is abnormal or occurs in cells where it ordinarily does not
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10
Q

why are oncogenes easier to clone?

A
  • due to their dominant nature
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11
Q

will the following situation lead to cancer: a gain-of-function mutation in a negative regulator of cell division

A

no

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12
Q

will the following situation lead to cancer: a gain of function mutation in a negative regulator of apoptosis

A
  • yes
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13
Q

will the following situation lead to cancer: a loss of function mutation in a negative regulator of cell division

A
  • yes
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14
Q

will the following situation lead to cancer: a gain of function mutation in a negative regulator of cell division

A
  • no
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15
Q

tumour suppressor gene (3)

A
  • wild type tumour suppressor gene encodes a protein with the following functions:
    1. negative regulator of cell division
    2. promotes cell death
    3. required for DNA repair
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16
Q

how can tumour suppressor genes promote cancer

A
  • cancer is promoted by a loss of function mutation in both alleles of a tumour suppressor gene
17
Q

what is the result of a loss of function tumour suppressor gene (3)

A
  1. cannot suppress cell division
  2. cannot carry out apoptosis
  3. cannot repair damaged DNA

BIOL 335 Part 1 (9 decks)

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