Cancer 1

Question 1

What is a neoplasm?

Answer 1

A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds other tissue and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissues and continues in the same excessive manner after the cessation of stimulus which causes the change.

Question 2

What is a tumour?

Answer 2

• Describes a neoplasm which forms a lump.
• Can be benign or malignant; both forms have a stroma and parenchyma
• Bi-directional signalling creates an environment for tumour evolution and growth.

Question 3

What is a tumour stroma?

Answer 3

• Supporting host derived, non-neoplastic cells / tissue
• Made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, inflammatory cells
• Critical to tumour growth and support

Question 4

What is a tumour parenchyma?

Answer 4

• Neoplastic cells that largely determine the biological behaviour of the neoplasm
• The nature of the parenchyma underlies the nomenclature

Question 5

What is cancer?

Answer 5

• Mallignant neoplasma
  
  • Abnormal mass of tissue with uncontrolled cell division

Question 6

What is a benign tumour?

Answer 6

• Slower growth rate, more differentiated
• Grow locally at the site of origin
• Confined to the initiating tissue
• Typically encapsulated by a fibrous sheath of connective tissue
• Produce clinical signs due to space occupying deficits

Question 7

What is a malingnant tumour?

Answer 7

• Cancerous
• Grow uncontrollably and may invade and destroy adjacent structures / metastasise
• Anaplastic cells
  
  • ​exhibit de-differentiation (loss of structural and functional differentiation of normal cells) with atypical mitosis and loss of polarity

Question 8

What is pleomorphism?

Answer 8

• Feature of anaplastic cells
• Variation in their size and shape

Question 9

What is metastasis

Answer 9

• Spread of tumour to a distant site in the body & subsequent tumour growth at that site
• Responsible for 90% of cancer deaths, Weinberg, 2007

Question 10

Benign epithelial cancer

Answer 10

• Papilloma
  
  • Wart
• Adenoma
  
  • glandular epithelium

Question 11

Malignant epithelial cancer

Answer 11

Adenoma - glandular epithelium

Question 12

Benign mesenchymal cancer

Answer 12

• Suffix - oma

Question 13

Malignant mesenchymal cancer

Answer 13

Suffix - sarcoma

Question 14

One layer mixed tumour

Answer 14

• Mixed tumours

Question 15

Multiple layers mixed tumour

Answer 15

• Teratoma
  
  • Made up of several different types of tissue
    
    • e.g.
      
      • Hair
      • Muscle
      • Teeth
      • Bone.
  • They typically form in the ovary, testicle, or tailbone

Question 16

Primitive embryonic tissue tumour

Answer 16

Blastoma

Question 17

A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds other tissue and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissues and continues in the same excessive manner after the cessation of stimulus which causes the change.

Answer 17

What is a neoplasm?

Question 18

• Describes a neoplasm which forms a lump.
• Can be benign or malignant; both forms have a stroma and parenchyma
• Bi-directional signalling creates an environment for tumour evolution and growth.

Answer 18

What is a tumour?

Question 19

• Supporting host derived, non-neoplastic cells / tissue
• Made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, inflammatory cells
• Critical to tumour growth and support

Answer 19

What is a tumour stroma?

Question 20

• Neoplastic cells that largely determine the biological behaviour of the neoplasm
• The nature of the parenchyma underlies the nomenclature

Answer 20

What is a tumour parenchyma?

Question 21

• Mallignant neoplasma
  
  • Abnormal mass of tissue with uncontrolled cell division

Answer 21

What is cancer?

Question 22

• Slower growth rate, more differentiated
• Grow locally at the site of origin
• Confined to the initiating tissue
• Typically encapsulated by a fibrous sheath of connective tissue
• Produce clinical signs due to space occupying deficits

Answer 22

What is a benign tumour?

Question 23

• Cancerous
• Grow uncontrollably and may invade and destroy adjacent structures / metastasise
• Anaplastic cells
  
  • ​exhibit de-differentiation (loss of structural and functional differentiation of normal cells) with atypical mitosis and loss of polarity

Answer 23

What is a malingnant tumour?

Question 24

• Feature of anaplastic cells
• Variation in their size and shape

Answer 24

What is pleomorphism?

Question 25

• Spread of tumour to a distant site in the body & subsequent tumour growth at that site
• Responsible for 90% of cancer deaths, Weinberg, 2007

Answer 25

What is metastasis

Question 26

• Papilloma
  
  • Wart
• Adenoma
  
  • glandular epithelium

Answer 26

Benign epithelial cancer

Question 27

Adenoma - glandular epithelium

Answer 27

Malignant epithelial cancer

Question 28

• Suffix - oma

Answer 28

Benign mesenchymal cancer

Question 29

Suffix - sarcoma

Answer 29

Malignant mesenchymal cancer

Question 30

• Mixed tumours

Answer 30

One layer mixed tumour

Question 31

• Teratoma
  
  • Made up of several different types of tissue
    
    • e.g.
      
      • Hair
      • Muscle
      • Teeth
      • Bone.
  • They typically form in the ovary, testicle, or tailbone

Answer 31

Multiple layers mixed tumour

Question 32

Blastoma

Answer 32

Primitive embryonic tissue tumour