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💢 Essays > Cancer 1 > Flashcards

Cancer 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds other tissue and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissues and continues in the same excessive manner after the cessation of stimulus which causes the change.

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2
Q

What is a tumour?

A
  • Describes a neoplasm which forms a lump.
  • Can be benign or malignant; both forms have a stroma and parenchyma
  • Bi-directional signalling creates an environment for tumour evolution and growth.
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3
Q

What is a tumour stroma?

A
  • Supporting host derived, non-neoplastic cells / tissue
  • Made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, inflammatory cells
  • Critical to tumour growth and support
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4
Q

What is a tumour parenchyma?

A
  • Neoplastic cells that largely determine the biological behaviour of the neoplasm
  • The nature of the parenchyma underlies the nomenclature
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5
Q

What is cancer?

A
  • Mallignant neoplasma
    • Abnormal mass of tissue with uncontrolled cell division
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6
Q

What is a benign tumour?

A
  • Slower growth rate, more differentiated
  • Grow locally at the site of origin
  • Confined to the initiating tissue
  • Typically encapsulated by a fibrous sheath of connective tissue
  • Produce clinical signs due to space occupying deficits
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7
Q

What is a malingnant tumour?

A
  • Cancerous
  • Grow uncontrollably and may invade and destroy adjacent structures / metastasise
  • Anaplastic cells
    • ​exhibit de-differentiation (loss of structural and functional differentiation of normal cells) with atypical mitosis and loss of polarity
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8
Q

What is pleomorphism?

A
  • Feature of anaplastic cells
  • Variation in their size and shape
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9
Q

What is metastasis

A
  • Spread of tumour to a distant site in the body & subsequent tumour growth at that site
  • Responsible for 90% of cancer deaths, Weinberg, 2007
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10
Q

Benign epithelial cancer

A
  • Papilloma
    • Wart
  • Adenoma
    • glandular epithelium
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11
Q

Malignant epithelial cancer

A

Adenoma - glandular epithelium

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12
Q

Benign mesenchymal cancer

A
  • Suffix - oma
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13
Q

Malignant mesenchymal cancer

A

Suffix - sarcoma

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14
Q

One layer mixed tumour

A
  • Mixed tumours
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15
Q

Multiple layers mixed tumour

A
  • Teratoma
    • Made up of several different types of tissue
      • e.g.
        • Hair
        • Muscle
        • Teeth
        • Bone.
    • They typically form in the ovary, testicle, or tailbone
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16
Q

Primitive embryonic tissue tumour

A

Blastoma

17
Q

A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds other tissue and is uncoordinated with that of normal tissues and continues in the same excessive manner after the cessation of stimulus which causes the change.

A

What is a neoplasm?

18
Q
  • Describes a neoplasm which forms a lump.
  • Can be benign or malignant; both forms have a stroma and parenchyma
  • Bi-directional signalling creates an environment for tumour evolution and growth.
A

What is a tumour?

19
Q
  • Supporting host derived, non-neoplastic cells / tissue
  • Made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, inflammatory cells
  • Critical to tumour growth and support
A

What is a tumour stroma?

20
Q
  • Neoplastic cells that largely determine the biological behaviour of the neoplasm
  • The nature of the parenchyma underlies the nomenclature
A

What is a tumour parenchyma?

21
Q
  • Mallignant neoplasma
    • Abnormal mass of tissue with uncontrolled cell division
A

What is cancer?

22
Q
  • Slower growth rate, more differentiated
  • Grow locally at the site of origin
  • Confined to the initiating tissue
  • Typically encapsulated by a fibrous sheath of connective tissue
  • Produce clinical signs due to space occupying deficits
A

What is a benign tumour?

23
Q
  • Cancerous
  • Grow uncontrollably and may invade and destroy adjacent structures / metastasise
  • Anaplastic cells
    • ​exhibit de-differentiation (loss of structural and functional differentiation of normal cells) with atypical mitosis and loss of polarity
A

What is a malingnant tumour?

24
Q
  • Feature of anaplastic cells
  • Variation in their size and shape
A

What is pleomorphism?

25
Q
  • Spread of tumour to a distant site in the body & subsequent tumour growth at that site
  • Responsible for 90% of cancer deaths, Weinberg, 2007
A

What is metastasis

26
Q
  • Papilloma
    • Wart
  • Adenoma
    • glandular epithelium
A

Benign epithelial cancer

27
Q

Adenoma - glandular epithelium

A

Malignant epithelial cancer

28
Q
  • Suffix - oma
A

Benign mesenchymal cancer

29
Q

Suffix - sarcoma

A

Malignant mesenchymal cancer

30
Q
  • Mixed tumours
A

One layer mixed tumour

31
Q
  • Teratoma
    • Made up of several different types of tissue
      • e.g.
        • Hair
        • Muscle
        • Teeth
        • Bone.
    • They typically form in the ovary, testicle, or tailbone
A

Multiple layers mixed tumour

32
Q

Blastoma

A

Primitive embryonic tissue tumour

💢 Essays (12 decks)

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