📕Canadian Geo2️⃣📕 Flashcards
A person who studies and forecasts weather
Meteorologist
The atmosphere is made up of 78.09% _______
Nitrogen
The structures or networks of basic services needed for the functioning of the community or economy
Infrastructure
The plants that are native to an area rather than those that have been planted or grown by people
Natural vegetation
The act of fish laying their eggs and we’re producing offspring
Spawning
Tools, machinery, and knowledge developed from human ingenuity and scientific advances
Technology
Name Canada’s 5 drainage basins
Arctic Pacific Hudson Bay Atlantic Gulf of Mexico
The atmosphere is made up of 0.93% ________
Argon
The water that runs off the lands in rivers and lakes
Run off
Into which 3 drainage basins does the precipitation that falls onto the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains flow
Arctic
Gulf of Mexico
Hudson Bay
All the water and moisture on earth in all its forms
Hydrosphere
Describe the tundra natural vegetation biome
land where it's too cold for trees to grow Characteristics: - no trees - found in far north - there will be grass and shrubs
Ten frozen parts of the hydrosphere
Cryosphere
A species that plays an important role in maintaining the function of the ecosystem
Keystone species
The atmosphere is made up of _______ Carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen, methane, krypton, neon, ozone, xenon, and water vapor
0.03%
A climate to type with a wide any will range of temperature and low precipitation, influenced by its location away from the moderating influence of an ocean
Continental climates
An area of land that drains into a particular river system or body of water
Watershed
A narrow place of high land, such as the top of a mountain range, that separates one drainage basin from another
Drainage divide
Integrated activities, such as manufacturing and transporting, that produce and deliver goods and services
Economic system
chemicals that are added to soil to kill pests that compete with farm crops
Pesticides
A cross section of different layers in the soil and rock below the soil and their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics
Soil profile
They are features like fungi that eat and recycle nature’s waste material
Decomposers
decayed remains of plants and animal life
Humus
The layer of earth in which plant and animal life evolve
Biosphere
The atmosphere is made up of 20.95% ________
Oxygen
When two or more parts work together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of its parts
Synergy
How much of the world’s fresh water is located in Canada
9%
List and describe 4 reasons why salmon are disappearing in British Columbia
- global warming: warm ocean temps affect salmon causing them to breathe harder and tire out
- pollution of salmon streams and coastal waters: swage from towns, industrial waste, and garbage pollute the salmon’s habitat
- overfishing: killing too many salmon could affect their population and could lead to extinction
- habitat loss: salmon’s habitats are getting destroyed due to pollution, clear cutting, and salmon have nowhere to go
Describe the grassland natural vegetation biome
land that is covered by grass because it’s too dry to support larger plants
Characteristics:
- dry
- warm
- at risk biome, only 1/4 of Canada’s natural grasslands still exist
A set of parts that together form an interconnected whole
System
the soil that is found in areas covered by forests with cool moist climates
Podzols
The distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees
Latitude
Describe the boreal coniferous forest natural vegetation biome
the northern forests that cover most of Canada. Newfoundland is mainly boreal forests. Characteristics: - cold winters but warm summers - moderate amounts of precipitation - consists of coniferous and deciduous
grassland soil rich in organic materials
Chernozems
Improving our quality of life while using natural resources wisely so that they last and are available for future generations
Sustainable development
A huge body of air with the same temperature and moisture conditions throughout
Airmass
A fast-moving body of air at high altitudes the stairs weather systems and storms from east to west
Polar jetstream
A layer of porous rock under the earth’s surface that can store large quantities of water that can be trapped by drilling as well
Aquifers
Name Canada’s 5 drainage basins
Arctic Pacific Hudson Bay Atlantic Gulf of Mexico
A wet, moderate climate to type that is influenced by the closeness of an ocean
Maritime climate
Electro magnetic energy radiation from the sun rant can cause damage to the skin and eyes
Ultraviolet radiation
A thin layer of gases that surround the earth
Atmosphere
The earth’s crust and the uppermost part of the underlying mantle consisting of rocks, minerals, and soil
Lithosphere
A population of a particular species of salmon in a particular location
Salmon stock
Interconnecting networks, such as roads and rail lines, that move people and goods
Transportation system
A community of plants and animals that interact with one another and with their physical environment
Ecosystem
Describe the deciduous forests natural vegetation biome
forests that consist mostly of trees that lose their leaves in the winter
Characteristics:
- warm summers and winters
- moderate to high amounts of precipitation
- trees lose their leaves in the winter
Describe the temperate rainforest natural vegetation biome
area of large coniferous trees found In British Columbia Characteristics: - high amounts of precipitation - warm all year round - very big trees
A system found in nature
Natural system
A locking method that involves cleaning an area of all it’s trees at one time
Clear cutting
Describe the 3 types of pollution
Biological pollution
- bacteria and algae that enter lakes, rivers
- sewage from cities and towns are the largest source
- solved by reducing sewage from entering water supplies (sewage treatment plants)
Physical pollution
- least harmful but most obvious
- floating garbage, paper, tin cans, etc.
- these are easily seen and clean-up and prevention is simple
Chemical pollution
- most dangerous
- dumping of poisonous chemicals into rivers and lakes
Clean-up: there are two problems
- not able to completely stop chemicals from reaching water supplies
- do not have technology to clean it up once it’s in the water
The natural system that involves the circulation of water through the atmosphere and the oceans. Also called hydrologic cycle
Water cycle
Something that is continuously changing
Dynamic
Part of the world that experiences four seasons located in latitude from 40 to 60° north and south of the equator
Temperate
A large region on earth, such as a rain forest or the desert, which is named for the distinct characteristics of the plants that live within it
Biome
The process of decompositions and regeneration in nature
Decay cycle
nutrients that are artificially added to the soil by farmers
Fertilizers
Canada is the main one system that blows from west to east
Westerlies
And natural boundary of altitude or latitude were trees can no longer grow
Tree line
Water found beneath the earth’s surface in spaces in soil and bedrock
Ground water
The ability to think and act based on an understanding of how the parts of a whole system interact and are interdependent
Systems thinking
Explain how systems thinking is the answer to living harmoniously with nature
- used to help us make better decisions as we work to create safer and healthier environments
- can help us to protect natural systems and to use resources so they last in the future
Describe the mountain forests natural vegetation biome
forests that are found in mountainous regions where altitudes and soil conditions play a role in what can grow.
Characteristics:
-mixed forests in lower altitudes, then boreal, then tundra in high places
-altitude influences temperature range
-lack of good soil can be an issue on steep slopes
Plant life
Fauna
The weather conditions of of articular region averaged over a long period of time
Climate
A place where the water table is at ground level
Ex: swamps, bog, marsh
Wetlands
Regular predictable, normal wind direction for a given area or region
Prevailing winds
Lines that look like Contour lines that show air pressure distribution
Isobars
Describe the composition / parts of soil
1) air: necessary because plants need air around them
2) water: plants need water to grow, and also to help break down the minerals and humus
3) humus: decayed remains of plants and animal life
4) minerals: broken down rock particles that form either sand, loam or clay. They contain the nutrients that plant need to grow
Describe the mixed forests natural vegetation biome
forest that acts as a transition, deciduous forests to coniferous forest Characteristics: - warm summers, cold winters - lots of precipitation - mix of coniferous and deciduous trees
The area of land from which all water received as precipitation flows to a particular ocean
Drainage basin
How much of earth’s water is fresh water
3%
How much of the fresh water on earth is in ice caps and glaciers
69%
How much of fresh water is surface water
0.9%
How much of surface water are lakes
87%
Describe the arctic climate region
Very cold winter, short cold summer, very dry
Describe the subarctic climate region
Cold winter, cool summer, moderate precipitation
Describe the pacific climate region
Mild winter, warm summer, heavy precipitation
Describe the mountain climate region
Temps and precipitation vary greatly
Describe the prairie climate region
Cold winter, hot summer, dry
Describe the lower lakes climate region
Cool winter, hot summer, moderate precipitation
Describe the Atlantic climate region
Cold winter, cool summer, moderate precipitation
At what speeds to polar jet streams blow at
300-500
State the impact of the Coriolis force
The earth’s rotation on its axis causes winds in the northern hemisphere to be deflected to the right and winds in the southern to be deflected in the left
