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📕🌐Canadian Geo🌐📕 > 📕Canadian Geo2️⃣📕 > Flashcards

📕Canadian Geo2️⃣📕 Flashcards

0
Q

A person who studies and forecasts weather

A

Meteorologist

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1
Q

The atmosphere is made up of 78.09% _______

A

Nitrogen

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2
Q

The structures or networks of basic services needed for the functioning of the community or economy

A

Infrastructure

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3
Q

The plants that are native to an area rather than those that have been planted or grown by people

A

Natural vegetation

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4
Q

The act of fish laying their eggs and we’re producing offspring

A

Spawning

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5
Q

Tools, machinery, and knowledge developed from human ingenuity and scientific advances

A

Technology

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6
Q

Name Canada’s 5 drainage basins

A 
Arctic
Pacific
Hudson Bay
Atlantic
Gulf of Mexico
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7
Q

The atmosphere is made up of 0.93% ________

A

Argon

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8
Q

The water that runs off the lands in rivers and lakes

A

Run off

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9
Q

Into which 3 drainage basins does the precipitation that falls onto the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains flow

A

Arctic
Gulf of Mexico
Hudson Bay

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10
Q

All the water and moisture on earth in all its forms

A

Hydrosphere

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11
Q

Describe the tundra natural vegetation biome

A 
land where it's too cold for trees to grow
Characteristics:
- no trees
- found in far north
- there will be grass and shrubs
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12
Q

Ten frozen parts of the hydrosphere

A

Cryosphere

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13
Q

A species that plays an important role in maintaining the function of the ecosystem

A

Keystone species

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14
Q

The atmosphere is made up of _______ Carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen, methane, krypton, neon, ozone, xenon, and water vapor

A

0.03%

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15
Q

A climate to type with a wide any will range of temperature and low precipitation, influenced by its location away from the moderating influence of an ocean

A

Continental climates

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16
Q

An area of land that drains into a particular river system or body of water

A

Watershed

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17
Q

A narrow place of high land, such as the top of a mountain range, that separates one drainage basin from another

A

Drainage divide

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18
Q

Integrated activities, such as manufacturing and transporting, that produce and deliver goods and services

A

Economic system

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19
Q

chemicals that are added to soil to kill pests that compete with farm crops

A

Pesticides

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20
Q

A cross section of different layers in the soil and rock below the soil and their physical, chemical, and biological characteristics

A

Soil profile

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21
Q

They are features like fungi that eat and recycle nature’s waste material

A

Decomposers

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22
Q

decayed remains of plants and animal life

A

Humus

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23
Q

The layer of earth in which plant and animal life evolve

A

Biosphere

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24
Q

The atmosphere is made up of 20.95% ________

A

Oxygen

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25
Q

When two or more parts work together to produce an effect that is greater than the sum of its parts

A

Synergy

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26
Q

How much of the world’s fresh water is located in Canada

A

9%

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27
Q

List and describe 4 reasons why salmon are disappearing in British Columbia

A
  • global warming: warm ocean temps affect salmon causing them to breathe harder and tire out
  • pollution of salmon streams and coastal waters: swage from towns, industrial waste, and garbage pollute the salmon’s habitat
  • overfishing: killing too many salmon could affect their population and could lead to extinction
  • habitat loss: salmon’s habitats are getting destroyed due to pollution, clear cutting, and salmon have nowhere to go
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28
Q

Describe the grassland natural vegetation biome

A

land that is covered by grass because it’s too dry to support larger plants
Characteristics:
- dry
- warm
- at risk biome, only 1/4 of Canada’s natural grasslands still exist

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29
Q

A set of parts that together form an interconnected whole

A

System

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30
Q

the soil that is found in areas covered by forests with cool moist climates

A

Podzols

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31
Q

The distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees

A

Latitude

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32
Q

Describe the boreal coniferous forest natural vegetation biome

A 
the northern forests that cover most of Canada. Newfoundland is mainly boreal forests.
Characteristics:
- cold winters but warm summers
- moderate amounts of precipitation
- consists of coniferous and deciduous
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33
Q

grassland soil rich in organic materials

A

Chernozems

34
Q

Improving our quality of life while using natural resources wisely so that they last and are available for future generations

A

Sustainable development

35
Q

A huge body of air with the same temperature and moisture conditions throughout

A

Airmass

36
Q

A fast-moving body of air at high altitudes the stairs weather systems and storms from east to west

A

Polar jetstream

37
Q

A layer of porous rock under the earth’s surface that can store large quantities of water that can be trapped by drilling as well

A

Aquifers

38
Q

Name Canada’s 5 drainage basins

A 
Arctic
Pacific
Hudson Bay
Atlantic
Gulf of Mexico
39
Q

A wet, moderate climate to type that is influenced by the closeness of an ocean

A

Maritime climate

40
Q

Electro magnetic energy radiation from the sun rant can cause damage to the skin and eyes

A

Ultraviolet radiation

41
Q

A thin layer of gases that surround the earth

A

Atmosphere

42
Q

The earth’s crust and the uppermost part of the underlying mantle consisting of rocks, minerals, and soil

A

Lithosphere

43
Q

A population of a particular species of salmon in a particular location

A

Salmon stock

44
Q

Interconnecting networks, such as roads and rail lines, that move people and goods

A

Transportation system

45
Q

A community of plants and animals that interact with one another and with their physical environment

A

Ecosystem

46
Q

Describe the deciduous forests natural vegetation biome

A

forests that consist mostly of trees that lose their leaves in the winter
Characteristics:
- warm summers and winters
- moderate to high amounts of precipitation
- trees lose their leaves in the winter

47
Q

Describe the temperate rainforest natural vegetation biome

A 
area of large coniferous trees found In British Columbia
Characteristics:
- high amounts of precipitation
- warm all year round
- very big trees
48
Q

A system found in nature

A

Natural system

49
Q

A locking method that involves cleaning an area of all it’s trees at one time

A

Clear cutting

50
Q

Describe the 3 types of pollution

A

Biological pollution

  • bacteria and algae that enter lakes, rivers
  • sewage from cities and towns are the largest source
  • solved by reducing sewage from entering water supplies (sewage treatment plants)

Physical pollution

  • least harmful but most obvious
  • floating garbage, paper, tin cans, etc.
  • these are easily seen and clean-up and prevention is simple

Chemical pollution
- most dangerous
- dumping of poisonous chemicals into rivers and lakes
Clean-up: there are two problems
- not able to completely stop chemicals from reaching water supplies
- do not have technology to clean it up once it’s in the water

51
Q

The natural system that involves the circulation of water through the atmosphere and the oceans. Also called hydrologic cycle

A

Water cycle

52
Q

Something that is continuously changing

A

Dynamic

53
Q

Part of the world that experiences four seasons located in latitude from 40 to 60° north and south of the equator

A

Temperate

54
Q

A large region on earth, such as a rain forest or the desert, which is named for the distinct characteristics of the plants that live within it

A

Biome

55
Q

The process of decompositions and regeneration in nature

A

Decay cycle

56
Q

nutrients that are artificially added to the soil by farmers

A

Fertilizers

57
Q

Canada is the main one system that blows from west to east

A

Westerlies

58
Q

And natural boundary of altitude or latitude were trees can no longer grow

A

Tree line

59
Q

Water found beneath the earth’s surface in spaces in soil and bedrock

A

Ground water

60
Q

The ability to think and act based on an understanding of how the parts of a whole system interact and are interdependent

A

Systems thinking

61
Q

Explain how systems thinking is the answer to living harmoniously with nature

A
  • used to help us make better decisions as we work to create safer and healthier environments
  • can help us to protect natural systems and to use resources so they last in the future
62
Q

Describe the mountain forests natural vegetation biome

A

forests that are found in mountainous regions where altitudes and soil conditions play a role in what can grow.
Characteristics:
-mixed forests in lower altitudes, then boreal, then tundra in high places
-altitude influences temperature range
-lack of good soil can be an issue on steep slopes

63
Q

Plant life

A

Fauna

64
Q

The weather conditions of of articular region averaged over a long period of time

A

Climate

65
Q

A place where the water table is at ground level

Ex: swamps, bog, marsh

A

Wetlands

66
Q

Regular predictable, normal wind direction for a given area or region

A

Prevailing winds

67
Q

Lines that look like Contour lines that show air pressure distribution

A

Isobars

68
Q

Describe the composition / parts of soil

A

1) air: necessary because plants need air around them
2) water: plants need water to grow, and also to help break down the minerals and humus
3) humus: decayed remains of plants and animal life
4) minerals: broken down rock particles that form either sand, loam or clay. They contain the nutrients that plant need to grow

69
Q

Describe the mixed forests natural vegetation biome

A 
forest that acts as a transition, deciduous forests to coniferous forest
Characteristics:
- warm summers, cold winters
- lots of precipitation
- mix of coniferous and deciduous trees
70
Q

The area of land from which all water received as precipitation flows to a particular ocean

A

Drainage basin

71
Q

How much of earth’s water is fresh water

A

3%

72
Q

How much of the fresh water on earth is in ice caps and glaciers

A

69%

73
Q

How much of fresh water is surface water

A

0.9%

74
Q

How much of surface water are lakes

A

87%

75
Q

Describe the arctic climate region

A

Very cold winter, short cold summer, very dry

76
Q

Describe the subarctic climate region

A

Cold winter, cool summer, moderate precipitation

77
Q

Describe the pacific climate region

A

Mild winter, warm summer, heavy precipitation

78
Q

Describe the mountain climate region

A

Temps and precipitation vary greatly

79
Q

Describe the prairie climate region

A

Cold winter, hot summer, dry

80
Q

Describe the lower lakes climate region

A

Cool winter, hot summer, moderate precipitation

81
Q

Describe the Atlantic climate region

A

Cold winter, cool summer, moderate precipitation

82
Q

At what speeds to polar jet streams blow at

A

300-500

83
Q

State the impact of the Coriolis force

A

The earth’s rotation on its axis causes winds in the northern hemisphere to be deflected to the right and winds in the southern to be deflected in the left

📕🌐Canadian Geo🌐📕 (7 decks)

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