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📕🌐Canadian Geo🌐📕 > 📕🌐Canadain Geo6️⃣🌐📕 > Flashcards

📕🌐Canadain Geo6️⃣🌐📕 Flashcards

1
Q

The wealthy industrial world represents about ____% of the world’s population but consumes about ____% of its resources

A

20% and 80%

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2
Q

The sale of products or service to another country

A

Exports

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3
Q

A fee payed to the government for use of resources

A

Royalties

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4
Q

An economic indicator that measures the value of all goods and services produced in one country in one year

A

Gross domestic product (GDP)

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5
Q

The amount that natural resources contribute to the GDP each year varies slightly, but is around _____% of the total

A

13%

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6
Q

What is it called when we need the raw materials and the jobs nature provides

A

Trade off

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7
Q

A general direction of change in data or in a variable of interest over a long period of time

A

Trend

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8
Q

List 3 examples of global trends that have an effect on Canada’s natural resources

A
  • control of natural resources is more concentrated in the hands of large international companies
  • people are becoming more concerned about the condition of the natural environment
  • humans are inventing more advanced techs for extracting and protecting natural resources
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9
Q

A large company that has business in several countries

A

Transnational corporations

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10
Q

Detailed study that tries to determine the potential environmental impact of a proposed development

A

Environmental assessment

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11
Q

Agriculture generates _____% of Canada’s GDP and provides jobs directly or indirectly, for one in every ______ Canadians

A

1.7% and 86 Canadians

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12
Q

List 5 most important factors that farmers have to consider that affect farming

A
  • climate
  • landforms
  • soil conditions
  • low crop prices
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13
Q

Land suitable for growing crops

A

Arable land

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14
Q

Only about ____% of Canada’s land is arable

A

7%

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15
Q

Moral of principles or values

A

Ethics

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16
Q

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal disease in cattle China causes sponge-like holes in the brain and destroys the animals nervous system

A

Mad cow disease

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17
Q

Money given to farmers by the government to offer some help of the expensive cost like expensive machinery or high fuel prices

A

Subsidy

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18
Q

A large scale farming business that carries out all the steps involved in producing food

A

Agribusiness industry

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19
Q

The process of growing plants and animals without using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, etc.

A

Organic agriculture

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20
Q

Chickens who are allowed to roam freely and are not kept in cages or crowded barns

A

Free-range

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21
Q

In what year did the government place a moratorium on cod stocks in NL

A

1992

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22
Q

Fish farming; breeding and growing of fish in controlled spaces

A

Aquaculture

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23
Q

The outer edge of the continent that extends below the surface of the ocean

A

Continental shelf

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24
Q

List 3 reasons for the abundance of fish off NL

A
  • cold Labrador current flowed form the north and meets the Gulf Stream causing the water to be nutrient rich
  • sunlight reaches the shallow ocean floor of these rich fishing regions and supports the growth of plankton which is the main source of food
  • many forms of coral have been discovered along the coral reefs of Nova Scotia’s continental shelf which is believed to be a keystone species
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25
Q

Fish that prefer to live on the ocean floor along the bottom of the shallow continent shelves like cod

A

Ground fish

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26
Q

Fish that swim in open water like sardine and salmon

A

Pelagic fish

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27
Q

like lobster, crab, mussels that are found on the ocean bottom and usually caught in traps or weirs

A

Shellfish

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28
Q

Explain the significance of the fishery in NL

A
  • direct employment
  • percentage contributed to the gross national product: total value of goods and services in a nation over a year
  • spinoff employment: food (restaurant), trucking industry, dockside, grading, etc
  • income for government:
  • royalties used by government to stimulate other economic ventures
  • royalties used for infrastructure development (roads, hospitals, etc)
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29
Q

List and describe 4 reasons for the decline in cod fishery

A
  • temp: slight drop in the temp which drives certain fish out of their habitat
  • increase in the number of seals put pressure on the marine ecosystem
  • foreign factory freezer trawlers permitted to fish for cod
  • too many fishermen chasing too few cod (greedy)
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30
Q

A net that can be used in shallow or deep water, the net consists of a mesh that is suspended to hang like a wall on the ocean bottom (referred to as ghost nets)

A

Gill net

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31
Q

A floating net that encircles a school of fish and is closed by a line that resembles a downstring

A

Purse seine

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32
Q

A funnel shape net that is attracted to a stirs trawler by towing cables, as the net is towed along the sea floor, two large door like boards hold the net open to scoop the fish (is most destructive)

A

Otter trawl

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33
Q

A device used to trap fish made of a net supported by a wooden stakes

A

Weirs

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34
Q

A simple device consisting of an enclosed structure with an opening in the side or the end

A

Lobster trap, crab pot

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35
Q

What are some pros/cons of the aquaculture fishery?

A

Pros:

  • main economic base of many coastal communities
  • farmed fish are rich in omega 3 fats and are equally as healthy to eat as wild fish
  • farmed fish provide a large supply of protein while wild fish stocks decline

Cons:

  • fish are raised in densely packed net cages so diseases spread quickly
  • farmed salmon contains more fat than wild salmon more toxic contaminants like pesticides that may affect human health
  • antibiotics and pesticides to prevent disease contaminate water which kills wild salmon and could harm the consumer
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36
Q

List and explain 3 types of minerals

A
  • non metallic: a mineral such as salt or potash, that is not a metal
  • metallic: a mineral that is metal such as iron or nickel
  • fuel metallic: a fossil fuel mineral such as coal or oil and natural gas
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37
Q

The rock that contains enough of a particular type of mineral make it worthwhile to develops a mine

A

Ore

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38
Q

Anything that is different from what is common or usual; characteristics of rock that are different from surrounding rock

A

Anomalies

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39
Q

An instrument that measures the earth’s magnetic forces

A

Magnetometer

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40
Q

The difference between imports and exports

A

Balance of trade

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41
Q

Molten waste material from nickel smelting

A

Slog

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42
Q

Finely ground up rock left over after the mineral has been extracted

A

Trainings

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43
Q

Acid precipitation

A

Acid rain

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44
Q

A part of the process that removes impurities when metal is separated from rock ore in which it is found

A

Refining

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45
Q

This heating and melting of ore to extract a pure metal

A

Smelting

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46
Q

Which area is the largest single producer of Nickel in the world

A

Sudbury Ontario

47
Q

the four provinces of Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Colombia, and Quebec produce about ____% of the total value of Canada’s minerals

A

80%

48
Q

mining produces about ____% of NLs total GDP

A

8.6%

49
Q

__________ is a prime location for future mining exploration because of its vast Canadian Shield rock

A

Nunavut

50
Q

Forested land that is capable of producing marketable products

A

Commercial forest

51
Q

Wood that has been prepared for use as a building material

A

Timber

52
Q

Storing carbon that would otherwise contribute to global warming

A

Carbon sinks

53
Q

A plan that exact district in NL requires which is a long term goal for an area to be logged

A

Forest management plan

54
Q

Sustainable management of small areas of local forest that involves input from all stakeholders who work together as a team

A

Model forest

55
Q

to last into the future, can either renew or recycle itself before being used, or be replaced with other resources

A

Sustainable resource development

56
Q
  • The quantity demanded varies inversely with price, as long as things don’t change
A

Law of demand

57
Q
  • A straight line or curve on a graph illustrating the demand schedule for a product
A

Demand of curve

58
Q

A straight line or curve on a graph illustrating the supply schedule for a product

A

Supply curve

59
Q

What are 4 Factors that cause a change in the market demand

A
  1. Income
  2. Population
  3. Taste and preference
  4. Expectations
60
Q

the sum total of all the consumer demands for a good or service. It is the buying habits of thousands of consumers that decide the demand for most goods.

A

Market demand schedule

61
Q

the responsiveness of buyers to changes in price. Demand is elastic if buyers respond strongly to changes in price and inelastic if buyers respond weekly to changes in price.

A

Elasticity of demand

62
Q

Explain the 5 types of mining

A
  • Strip mining: involves the removal of the soil that covers a mineral deposit located near the earth’s surface. This is usually associated with coal mining and is particularly damaging to the environment
  • Quarrying: involves cutting stone such as marble or granite into blocks for removal
  • Drilling off oil: drilling of oil wells to extract oil and natural gas
  • Open pit: some minerals are close to the surface and need digging an open pit
  • Underground: some minerals are buried deeper underground and need digging shafts and tunnels in the ground
63
Q

A set of moral principals or beliefs about what is right and wrong when considering the use of water

A

Water ethics

64
Q

To extract a resource and prepared it for market

A

Develop

65
Q

An economic resource such as raw material or agriculture product that is exchanges for money

A

Commodity

66
Q

A place where the water table is ground level

A

Wetlands

67
Q

An area of low land covered with shallow water

A

Fen

68
Q

More than _____% of the water in Canada’s rivers flows into the Arctic and is unavailable for the densly populated southern ecozones of the country

A

50%

69
Q

Canada has _____% of the world’s population and _____% of the world’s fresh water. however we only have _____% of the useable water

A

0.5% and 20% and 7%

70
Q

5 reasons why wetlands are important

A
  • they filter our drinking water
  • store water
  • provide home for wildlife
  • provide recreational opportunities
  • provide food
71
Q

About ____ million people in Canada and the US depend on the Great Lakes that forms the largest fresh water system in the world

A

40

72
Q

More than _____% of the illnesses people experience in developing countries are water related

A

80%

73
Q

The UN suggests that ____ liters of water per person per day is a minimum for daily uses

A

50 liters

74
Q

The rerouting of water from one drainage basin to another

A

Water diversion

75
Q

An organization created by a Canada - US treaty to prevent and resolve disputes over shared water and to approve water projects affecting both countries

A

International joint commission

76
Q

Changing ownership of a property or resource from public ownership by government to private ownership by an individual or business

A

Privatization

77
Q

Water that is held in focus that is located under the surface of the earth and is naturally filtered by several layers of sand and gravel which help to clean it

A

Groundwater

78
Q

How will groundwater become contaminated?

A
  • industrial spills
  • leaks from pipelines and chemical tanks
  • agriculture waste such as pesticide
  • animal manure
79
Q

can be replaced naturally. Ex: forests, wild animals

A

Renewable resources

80
Q

to last into the future, can either renew or recycle itself before being used, or be replaced with other resources

A

Sustainable resource development

81
Q

practice of cutting down all trees in a strip of forest 20-100m wide leaving uncut strips of forest in between

A

Strip cutting

82
Q

some mature trees are cut, others are left to provide shade for the growth of younger trees and seedlings (shelter wood cutting allows for a sustainable harvest)

A

Shelterwood cutting

83
Q

is a form of harvesting that removes only the desired trees and leaves the other ones that are immature and undesired species intact

A

Selective cutting

84
Q

List 4 strategies for a sustainable fishery

A
  • put a ban on species that are at a risk allowing them to rebuild
  • fishermen need to diversify
  • governments need to stop giving licenses to foreign fishing companies
  • banning of certain types of fishing gear that have a negative impact on the environment compared to hook and line which are friendly
85
Q

Describe some recent trends in Canada’s fisheries

A
  • demand for fish is going but stocks are declining

- Fishfarming increased which is helping to sustain rural and coastal communities

85
Q

A logging method that involves clarion area of all it’s trees at one time

A

Clear cutting

85
Q

A system in which a country produces and distributes goods and services in order to create wealth

A

Economy

85
Q

Anything from the nature that can be used by people

A

Natural resources

85
Q

exist in finite amounts. Metallic minerals, fossil fuels

A

Non renewable

85
Q

used and replaced simultaneously. Ex: water, wind, sunlight

A

Flow resources

85
Q

The particular types of labour that are done in exchange for pay

A

Industry

85
Q

To remove a resource from the earth

A

Extract

85
Q

To provide direction and guidance on how to use a resource

A

Manage

85
Q

To maintain a resource in it’s existing state

A

Preserve

85
Q

To lower the quality of the resource

A

Degrade

85
Q

A large-scale form of agriculture where large numbers of animals are kept in the confined spaces and treated with hormones and antibiotics to maximize growth and prevent disease

A

Factory farms

85
Q

The message of firming that is profitable, protects the environment, conserve natural resources, and supports the real community, and that will last into the future

A

Sustainable agriculture

85
Q

The act of fishing for commercial profit

A

Commercial fishing

85
Q

The act of fishing for pleasure or competition

A

Recreational fishing

85
Q

The best fishing areas located in the warm shallow waters of the continental shelf

A

Fishing banks

86
Q

The amount of fish species that may be caught by one boat or by a group of fishers in one year

A

Quota

86
Q

And ethical responsibility for looking after the natural environment

A

Stewardship

86
Q

An economic activity that extracts or harvests natural resources from the environment

A

Primary industry

86
Q

Economic activity that uses unprocessed raw material from primary industry to manufacture consumer products

A

Secondary industry

86
Q

An economic activity that provides services

A

Tertiary industry

87
Q

Economic activity that involves the provision of services related to the creation of knowledge, ideas, research and development, and technology

A

Quaternary industry

87
Q

______ has the greatest percentage of total crop area in the country (___%)

A

PEI and 71.2%

87
Q

_______ has the least percentage of total crop area in the country (___%)

A

NL and 0.005%

88
Q

Of the total forested area in Canada almost ____% is considered commercial forest

A

57%

89
Q

My name generates about $____ a year for Canada

A

$80 million

90
Q

Canada has ____% of the world’s total wetlands

A

25%

91
Q

In ______, the Canadian government signed the international law of the sea treaty, which sets an imaginary boundary lines that marks a 200 nautical mile limit from a countries coastline

A

1977

92
Q

Give examples of pelagic fish

A

Sardines, mackerel, herring, anchovies, tuna, salmon, etc

93
Q

Give examples of groundfish

A

Cod, pollock, haddock, sole, halibut, etc

📕🌐Canadian Geo🌐📕 (7 decks)

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