📕🌐Canadain Geo6️⃣🌐📕 Flashcards
1
Q
The wealthy industrial world represents about ____% of the world’s population but consumes about ____% of its resources
A
20% and 80%
2
Q
The sale of products or service to another country
A
Exports
3
Q
A fee payed to the government for use of resources
A
Royalties
4
Q
An economic indicator that measures the value of all goods and services produced in one country in one year
A
Gross domestic product (GDP)
5
Q
The amount that natural resources contribute to the GDP each year varies slightly, but is around _____% of the total
A
13%
6
Q
What is it called when we need the raw materials and the jobs nature provides
A
Trade off
7
Q
A general direction of change in data or in a variable of interest over a long period of time
A
Trend
8
Q
List 3 examples of global trends that have an effect on Canada’s natural resources
A
- control of natural resources is more concentrated in the hands of large international companies
- people are becoming more concerned about the condition of the natural environment
- humans are inventing more advanced techs for extracting and protecting natural resources
9
Q
A large company that has business in several countries
A
Transnational corporations
10
Q
Detailed study that tries to determine the potential environmental impact of a proposed development
A
Environmental assessment
11
Q
Agriculture generates _____% of Canada’s GDP and provides jobs directly or indirectly, for one in every ______ Canadians
A
1.7% and 86 Canadians
12
Q
List 5 most important factors that farmers have to consider that affect farming
A
- climate
- landforms
- soil conditions
- low crop prices
13
Q
Land suitable for growing crops
A
Arable land
14
Q
Only about ____% of Canada’s land is arable
A
7%
15
Q
Moral of principles or values
A
Ethics
16
Q
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal disease in cattle China causes sponge-like holes in the brain and destroys the animals nervous system
A
Mad cow disease
17
Q
Money given to farmers by the government to offer some help of the expensive cost like expensive machinery or high fuel prices
A
Subsidy
18
Q
A large scale farming business that carries out all the steps involved in producing food
A
Agribusiness industry
19
Q
The process of growing plants and animals without using synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, hormones, etc.
A
Organic agriculture
20
Q
Chickens who are allowed to roam freely and are not kept in cages or crowded barns
A
Free-range
21
Q
In what year did the government place a moratorium on cod stocks in NL
A
1992
22
Q
Fish farming; breeding and growing of fish in controlled spaces
A
Aquaculture
23
Q
The outer edge of the continent that extends below the surface of the ocean
A
Continental shelf
24
Q
List 3 reasons for the abundance of fish off NL
A
- cold Labrador current flowed form the north and meets the Gulf Stream causing the water to be nutrient rich
- sunlight reaches the shallow ocean floor of these rich fishing regions and supports the growth of plankton which is the main source of food
- many forms of coral have been discovered along the coral reefs of Nova Scotia’s continental shelf which is believed to be a keystone species
25
Fish that prefer to live on the ocean floor along the bottom of the shallow continent shelves like cod
Ground fish
26
Fish that swim in open water like sardine and salmon
Pelagic fish
27
like lobster, crab, mussels that are found on the ocean bottom and usually caught in traps or weirs
Shellfish
28
Explain the significance of the fishery in NL
- direct employment
- percentage contributed to the gross national product: total value of goods and services in a nation over a year
- spinoff employment: food (restaurant), trucking industry, dockside, grading, etc
- income for government:
* royalties used by government to stimulate other economic ventures
* royalties used for infrastructure development (roads, hospitals, etc)
29
List and describe 4 reasons for the decline in cod fishery
- temp: slight drop in the temp which drives certain fish out of their habitat
- increase in the number of seals put pressure on the marine ecosystem
- foreign factory freezer trawlers permitted to fish for cod
- too many fishermen chasing too few cod (greedy)
30
A net that can be used in shallow or deep water, the net consists of a mesh that is suspended to hang like a wall on the ocean bottom (referred to as ghost nets)
Gill net
31
A floating net that encircles a school of fish and is closed by a line that resembles a downstring
Purse seine
32
A funnel shape net that is attracted to a stirs trawler by towing cables, as the net is towed along the sea floor, two large door like boards hold the net open to scoop the fish (is most destructive)
Otter trawl
33
A device used to trap fish made of a net supported by a wooden stakes
Weirs
34
A simple device consisting of an enclosed structure with an opening in the side or the end
Lobster trap, crab pot
35
What are some pros/cons of the aquaculture fishery?
Pros:
- main economic base of many coastal communities
- farmed fish are rich in omega 3 fats and are equally as healthy to eat as wild fish
- farmed fish provide a large supply of protein while wild fish stocks decline
Cons:
- fish are raised in densely packed net cages so diseases spread quickly
- farmed salmon contains more fat than wild salmon more toxic contaminants like pesticides that may affect human health
- antibiotics and pesticides to prevent disease contaminate water which kills wild salmon and could harm the consumer
36
List and explain 3 types of minerals
- non metallic: a mineral such as salt or potash, that is not a metal
- metallic: a mineral that is metal such as iron or nickel
- fuel metallic: a fossil fuel mineral such as coal or oil and natural gas
37
The rock that contains enough of a particular type of mineral make it worthwhile to develops a mine
Ore
38
Anything that is different from what is common or usual; characteristics of rock that are different from surrounding rock
Anomalies
39
An instrument that measures the earth's magnetic forces
Magnetometer
40
The difference between imports and exports
Balance of trade
41
Molten waste material from nickel smelting
Slog
42
Finely ground up rock left over after the mineral has been extracted
Trainings
43
Acid precipitation
Acid rain
44
A part of the process that removes impurities when metal is separated from rock ore in which it is found
Refining
45
This heating and melting of ore to extract a pure metal
Smelting
46
Which area is the largest single producer of Nickel in the world
Sudbury Ontario
47
the four provinces of Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Colombia, and Quebec produce about ____% of the total value of Canada's minerals
80%
48
mining produces about ____% of NLs total GDP
8.6%
49
__________ is a prime location for future mining exploration because of its vast Canadian Shield rock
Nunavut
50
Forested land that is capable of producing marketable products
Commercial forest
51
Wood that has been prepared for use as a building material
Timber
52
Storing carbon that would otherwise contribute to global warming
Carbon sinks
53
A plan that exact district in NL requires which is a long term goal for an area to be logged
Forest management plan
54
Sustainable management of small areas of local forest that involves input from all stakeholders who work together as a team
Model forest
55
to last into the future, can either renew or recycle itself before being used, or be replaced with other resources
Sustainable resource development
56
* The quantity demanded varies inversely with price, as long as things don't change
Law of demand
57
* A straight line or curve on a graph illustrating the demand schedule for a product
Demand of curve
58
A straight line or curve on a graph illustrating the supply schedule for a product
Supply curve
59
What are 4 Factors that cause a change in the market demand
1. Income
2. Population
3. Taste and preference
4. Expectations
60
the sum total of all the consumer demands for a good or service. It is the buying habits of thousands of consumers that decide the demand for most goods.
Market demand schedule
61
the responsiveness of buyers to changes in price. Demand is elastic if buyers respond strongly to changes in price and inelastic if buyers respond weekly to changes in price.
Elasticity of demand
62
Explain the 5 types of mining
* Strip mining: involves the removal of the soil that covers a mineral deposit located near the earth's surface. This is usually associated with coal mining and is particularly damaging to the environment
* Quarrying: involves cutting stone such as marble or granite into blocks for removal
* Drilling off oil: drilling of oil wells to extract oil and natural gas
* Open pit: some minerals are close to the surface and need digging an open pit
* Underground: some minerals are buried deeper underground and need digging shafts and tunnels in the ground
63
A set of moral principals or beliefs about what is right and wrong when considering the use of water
Water ethics
64
To extract a resource and prepared it for market
Develop
65
An economic resource such as raw material or agriculture product that is exchanges for money
Commodity
66
A place where the water table is ground level
Wetlands
67
An area of low land covered with shallow water
Fen
68
More than _____% of the water in Canada's rivers flows into the Arctic and is unavailable for the densly populated southern ecozones of the country
50%
69
Canada has _____% of the world's population and _____% of the world's fresh water. however we only have _____% of the useable water
0.5% and 20% and 7%
70
5 reasons why wetlands are important
- they filter our drinking water
- store water
- provide home for wildlife
- provide recreational opportunities
- provide food
71
About ____ million people in Canada and the US depend on the Great Lakes that forms the largest fresh water system in the world
40
72
More than _____% of the illnesses people experience in developing countries are water related
80%
73
The UN suggests that ____ liters of water per person per day is a minimum for daily uses
50 liters
74
The rerouting of water from one drainage basin to another
Water diversion
75
An organization created by a Canada - US treaty to prevent and resolve disputes over shared water and to approve water projects affecting both countries
International joint commission
76
Changing ownership of a property or resource from public ownership by government to private ownership by an individual or business
Privatization
77
Water that is held in focus that is located under the surface of the earth and is naturally filtered by several layers of sand and gravel which help to clean it
Groundwater
78
How will groundwater become contaminated?
- industrial spills
- leaks from pipelines and chemical tanks
- agriculture waste such as pesticide
- animal manure
79
can be replaced naturally. Ex: forests, wild animals
Renewable resources
80
to last into the future, can either renew or recycle itself before being used, or be replaced with other resources
Sustainable resource development
81
practice of cutting down all trees in a strip of forest 20-100m wide leaving uncut strips of forest in between
Strip cutting
82
some mature trees are cut, others are left to provide shade for the growth of younger trees and seedlings (shelter wood cutting allows for a sustainable harvest)
Shelterwood cutting
83
is a form of harvesting that removes only the desired trees and leaves the other ones that are immature and undesired species intact
Selective cutting
84
List 4 strategies for a sustainable fishery
- put a ban on species that are at a risk allowing them to rebuild
- fishermen need to diversify
- governments need to stop giving licenses to foreign fishing companies
- banning of certain types of fishing gear that have a negative impact on the environment compared to hook and line which are friendly
85
Describe some recent trends in Canada's fisheries
- demand for fish is going but stocks are declining
| - Fishfarming increased which is helping to sustain rural and coastal communities
85
A logging method that involves clarion area of all it's trees at one time
Clear cutting
85
A system in which a country produces and distributes goods and services in order to create wealth
Economy
85
Anything from the nature that can be used by people
Natural resources
85
exist in finite amounts. Metallic minerals, fossil fuels
Non renewable
85
used and replaced simultaneously. Ex: water, wind, sunlight
Flow resources
85
The particular types of labour that are done in exchange for pay
Industry
85
To remove a resource from the earth
Extract
85
To provide direction and guidance on how to use a resource
Manage
85
To maintain a resource in it's existing state
Preserve
85
To lower the quality of the resource
Degrade
85
A large-scale form of agriculture where large numbers of animals are kept in the confined spaces and treated with hormones and antibiotics to maximize growth and prevent disease
Factory farms
85
The message of firming that is profitable, protects the environment, conserve natural resources, and supports the real community, and that will last into the future
Sustainable agriculture
85
The act of fishing for commercial profit
Commercial fishing
85
The act of fishing for pleasure or competition
Recreational fishing
85
The best fishing areas located in the warm shallow waters of the continental shelf
Fishing banks
86
The amount of fish species that may be caught by one boat or by a group of fishers in one year
Quota
86
And ethical responsibility for looking after the natural environment
Stewardship
86
An economic activity that extracts or harvests natural resources from the environment
Primary industry
86
Economic activity that uses unprocessed raw material from primary industry to manufacture consumer products
Secondary industry
86
An economic activity that provides services
Tertiary industry
87
Economic activity that involves the provision of services related to the creation of knowledge, ideas, research and development, and technology
Quaternary industry
87
______ has the greatest percentage of total crop area in the country (___%)
PEI and 71.2%
87
_______ has the least percentage of total crop area in the country (___%)
NL and 0.005%
88
Of the total forested area in Canada almost ____% is considered commercial forest
57%
89
My name generates about $____ a year for Canada
$80 million
90
Canada has ____% of the world's total wetlands
25%
91
In ______, the Canadian government signed the international law of the sea treaty, which sets an imaginary boundary lines that marks a 200 nautical mile limit from a countries coastline
1977
92
Give examples of pelagic fish
Sardines, mackerel, herring, anchovies, tuna, salmon, etc
93
Give examples of groundfish
Cod, pollock, haddock, sole, halibut, etc
