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Canadian Citizenship Test > Canada's History > Flashcards

Canada's History Flashcards

1
Q

First Europeans

A
  • Vikings from Iceland
  • Reached Labrador and Newfoundland
    • Settlement was L’Anse aux Meadows

1497 European exploration starts for realsies

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2
Q

Naming Canada

A

1534 and 1542

  • Jacques Cartier made 3 voyages across atlantic for King Francis I (France)
  • Heard captured guides say Kanata (village)

1550 Name Canada appeared in maps

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3
Q

The French

First settlement in Canada (other than the first nations)

A

1604 First European settlement north of florida. By:

  1. Pierre de monts
  2. Samuel de Champlain

Arrived in

  1. St. Croix Island (Maine)
  2. Port-Royal in Acadia (Nova Scotia)
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4
Q

French

Fortress

War…

A

1608 Champlain built a fortress that’s now city of Quebec

He allied with:

  • Algonquin
  • Montagnais
  • Huron

Vs. The Iroquis

  • Fought for 100 years
  • 1701 made peace
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5
Q

In the beginning, Economy was Fur Pelts

A

French and Aboriginal people collaborated to get beaver pelts to Europe= Fur-trade economy

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6
Q

Hudson’s Bay Company and The King

A
  • King Charles II (England) gave them exclusive trading rights over watershed draining into Hudson’s bay
    • These company competed with montreal-based traders that travelled by canoe and allied with first nations
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7
Q

Meanwhile the British…

A

1497 John Cabot (English) got to Newfoundland

1610 Was when they settled (After the french)

  • The english colonies along the Atlantic searboard became better than the french ones

1700s Britain vs. France for control of North america

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8
Q

British Beat the French

A

1759 In the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City

The British then renamed the colony to the province of Quebec

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9
Q

Coexisting Cultures…

Catholics Vs. Protestants

A

1774 Quebec Act allowed religious freedom for the catholics + allowed them to hold public office

  • Restored french civil law
  • Kept British criminal law
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10
Q

United Emire Loyalists

AMeRiCa

A

1776- 13 British colonies to the south declared independence and became the United states

  • Loyalists fled to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec

Joseph Brant led loyalist Mohawk Indians ito Canada

1792- Some black nova scotians got tired of the land and went to found sierra leone

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11
Q

Democracy!

A

1758- First representative assembly elected in Halifax and Nova Scotia

  • 1773- Assembly for Prince Edward Island
  • 1785- Assembly for New Brunswick
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12
Q

Constitutional Act of 1791

A
  • Divided the province of quebec into:
    • Upper Canada (Ontario)
      • Loyalist
      • Protestant
      • English-speaking
    • Lower Canada (Quebec)
      • Catholic
      • French-speaking
  • Together known as british north america
  • Act gave for the first time, legislative assemblies elected by the people (1st use of name Canada)
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13
Q

Abolition of Slavery

A

Late 1700s- 1st movement to abolish transatlantic slave trade emerged in british parlliament

1793- Upper Canada (Governor John Graves Simcoe) was the first to move toward abolition

1807- British parliament prohibits buying+ selling slaves

1833- Abolished slavery throughout empire

  • American slaves moved to canada thorugh Underground Raildoad (christian organization)
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14
Q

Mary Ann Shadd Cary

A
  • Activist to abolish slavery in USA
  • 1853- 1st woman publisher in canada
    • Made provintial freeman newspaper
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15
Q

Oh NO They Didnt

War of 1812

A
  • After defeat of Napoleon (1805), Royal Navy ruled the ocean
    • US didn’t like this
  • Americans thought it would be easy to conquer Canada… It wasn’t

1812- Launched invasion

  • Canadian volunteers + 1st nations helped british soldiers defend canada
    • Chief Tcumseh
    • Sir Isaac Brock
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16
Q

War of 1812 (Now on 1813)

A

1813- Charles de Salaberry + 460 soldiers turned back 4000 american invaders :)

  • Americans also burnt down the Government house + Parliament in Toronto

1814- Robert Ross from Nova Scotia went and burnt down the White house LOL

  • Duke Wellington: Sent soldiers to help
  • Laura Secord: In 1813 did a 30km trip to warn soldiers of american attack
17
Q

Rebellions 1837-38

A
  • They thought we should join US
    • They tried… and failed
    • Not enough public support
18
Q

Responsible Government

Origins

A

Lord Durham- Came to report on the rebellions

  • Suggested upper and lower Canada joined together
  • Also wanted us to have responsible government

Responsible Government: Ministers of the Crown must have support of a majority of elected representatives to rule

19
Q

Fathers of Confederation

A
  1. Sir Etienne-Paschal Tache
  2. Sir George-Etienne Cartier
  3. Sir John. A. Macdonald
20
Q

Responsible Government

A

1840- Upper and lower Canada united as the Province of Canada

Sir Louis Hippolyte La Fontaine: First head of responsible government

1847-48- Nova Scotia was the first british colony in north america to attain first responsible government

1848-49- Lord Elgin Governor of united Canada introduced responsible government for everyone

System today: If government loses confidence vote in the assembly, it must resign

21
Q

Confederation

A

1864-1867- Representatives of Nova Scotia, New Brunswiock, and the province of Canada made a new country!

  • Made the 2 levels of government
    • Federal
    • Provintial
  • Province of Canada split up into Ontario and Quebec
    • Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia formed a new contry called Dominion of Canada

1867- British North-America Act: Canada became a country!

  • What we celebrate the 1st of June (Canada Day!)
22
Q

The First Prime Minister

A

1867- John Alexander Macdonald

  • Scottish immigrant
  • Lawyer
23
Q

Challenge In The West

First Nations got sick of it

A

1869- Canada took over northwest region from Hudson’s Bay Company

  • 12 000 Metis were not consulted

Louis Riel led an army and seized Fort Garry

1870- Ottawa sent soldiers to retake Fort

  • Riel fled
  • Canada established the province of Manitoba

1873- Macdonald established the North West Mounted Police (NWMP)

1885- Indian rights were threatened AGAIN and they rebelled AGAIN

  • Riel executed
  • He was the father of Manitoba and protector of Metis rights
    • People were pissed
24
Q

Railway for Bribery

Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)

A

1871- Brittish Columbia joined Canada after Ottawa promised to build a railway to the west coast

1885- Railway complete

  • Donald Smith was the director of the project
  • The chinese built it
    • They were discriminated againsted against
      • Head tax
      • Race-based entry fee
25
Q

Sir Wilfrid Laurier

A

1st French Canadian prime minister since confederation

(Hes in the $5 bill)

Liked immigration!

26
Q

WW1

A

1914- Germany attacked Belgium + France and Britain declared war on them

  • Ottawa formed the Canadian Expeditionary force (Canadian Corps)

1917- April 9th Battle of Vimy Ridge

  • We captured it boys!

From 1914-1920 Ottawa interned 8,000 Astro-Hungarian men as enemy eliend in 24 labour camps in Canada

1918- Under command of Arthur Currie- Canadian Corps advanced alongside the allies

  • August 8: battle of amiens
  • November 11: Germany + Austria surrender and war ends
27
Q

Sir Arthur Currie

A

Canada’s greatest Soldier

28
Q

Women Get the Vote

A

Women’s Suffrage Movement: Effort by women to get the right to vote

  • Founder= Dr. Emily Stowe
    • ​1st Canadian woman to practice medicine in Canada

1916- Manitoba gives us right to vote

1917- Gederal government Robert Borden gave us right to vote

  • 1st to nurses that served in war
  • Then to women related to soldiers

1918- Most women allowed to vote

1940- Quebec gives us rights

29
Q

Agnes Macphail

A

1st woman MP

30
Q

November 11: Rememberance Day

A
  • Honour veterans
  • Share a moment of silence at the 11th hour in the 11th day in the 11th month

John McCrae: In Flander’s Fields 1915

31
Q

In-Between Wars

A
  • We are now part of British Commonwealth of Nations
  • Then there’s the roaring twenties

1929- Stock market srash

  • Led to the dirty thirties/ Great depression

1933- Many businesses wiped out

1934- Bank of Canada created to manage money supply and bring stability to the finantial system

32
Q

Phil Edwards

A
  • Olympian in track and field
  • From Guiana
  • Won bronze in:
    • 1928
    • 1932
    • 1936
  • Then became doctor
33
Q

D-Day

June 6 1944

A

1943-44- We help in the liberation of Italy

June 6 1944- Invasion of Normandy in Northern France (D-Day)

  • 15 000 Canadians stormed and captured Juno beach from germany

1944-45 Canadian Army freed Netherlands and helped them force gernal surrencer and end the war

34
Q

WW2

A

1939- Hitler invaded Poland + conquered lots of Europe

1941- Canadians fought to defend Hong Kong from Japan (lost)

1942- We also participated in a failed raid on Diepe (France)

  • Royal Canadian Airforce (RCAF)- Helped in battle of britain
  • Royal Canadian Navy (RCN)- Helped in the battle of attlantic
    • Protected convoys of merchant ships

Pacific War: Japan was acting up so we took all of the land from Japanese imigrants here (1988 gave it back)

Canadian Citizenship Test (11 decks)

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