Canada's History

Question 1

First Europeans

Answer 1

• Vikings from Iceland
• Reached Labrador and Newfoundland
  
  • Settlement was L’Anse aux Meadows

1497 European exploration starts for realsies

Question 2

Naming Canada

Answer 2

1534 and 1542

• Jacques Cartier made 3 voyages across atlantic for King Francis I (France)
• Heard captured guides say Kanata (village)

1550 Name Canada appeared in maps

Question 3

The French

First settlement in Canada (other than the first nations)

Answer 3

1604 First European settlement north of florida. By:

1. Pierre de monts
2. Samuel de Champlain

Arrived in

1. St. Croix Island (Maine)
2. Port-Royal in Acadia (Nova Scotia)

Question 4

French

Fortress

War…

Answer 4

1608 Champlain built a fortress that’s now city of Quebec

He allied with:

• Algonquin
• Montagnais
• Huron

Vs. The Iroquis

• Fought for 100 years
• 1701 made peace

Question 5

In the beginning, Economy was Fur Pelts

Answer 5

French and Aboriginal people collaborated to get beaver pelts to Europe= Fur-trade economy

Question 6

Hudson’s Bay Company and The King

Answer 6

• King Charles II (England) gave them exclusive trading rights over watershed draining into Hudson’s bay
  
  • These company competed with montreal-based traders that travelled by canoe and allied with first nations

Question 7

Meanwhile the British…

Answer 7

1497 John Cabot (English) got to Newfoundland

1610 Was when they settled (After the french)

• The english colonies along the Atlantic searboard became better than the french ones

1700s Britain vs. France for control of North america

Question 8

British Beat the French

Answer 8

1759 In the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City

The British then renamed the colony to the province of Quebec

Question 9

Coexisting Cultures…

Catholics Vs. Protestants

Answer 9

1774 Quebec Act allowed religious freedom for the catholics + allowed them to hold public office

• Restored french civil law
• Kept British criminal law

Question 10

United Emire Loyalists

AMeRiCa

Answer 10

1776- 13 British colonies to the south declared independence and became the United states

• Loyalists fled to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec

Joseph Brant led loyalist Mohawk Indians ito Canada

1792- Some black nova scotians got tired of the land and went to found sierra leone

Question 11

Democracy!

Answer 11

1758- First representative assembly elected in Halifax and Nova Scotia

• 1773- Assembly for Prince Edward Island
• 1785- Assembly for New Brunswick

Question 12

Constitutional Act of 1791

Answer 12

• Divided the province of quebec into:
  
  • Upper Canada (Ontario)
    
    • Loyalist
    • Protestant
    • English-speaking
  • Lower Canada (Quebec)
    
    • Catholic
    • French-speaking
• Together known as british north america
• Act gave for the first time, legislative assemblies elected by the people (1st use of name Canada)

Question 13

Abolition of Slavery

Answer 13

Late 1700s- 1st movement to abolish transatlantic slave trade emerged in british parlliament

1793- Upper Canada (Governor John Graves Simcoe) was the first to move toward abolition

1807- British parliament prohibits buying+ selling slaves

1833- Abolished slavery throughout empire

• American slaves moved to canada thorugh Underground Raildoad (christian organization)

Question 14

Mary Ann Shadd Cary

Answer 14

• Activist to abolish slavery in USA
• 1853- 1st woman publisher in canada
  
  • Made provintial freeman newspaper

Question 15

Oh NO They Didnt

War of 1812

Answer 15

• After defeat of Napoleon (1805), Royal Navy ruled the ocean
  
  • US didn’t like this
• Americans thought it would be easy to conquer Canada… It wasn’t

1812- Launched invasion

• Canadian volunteers + 1st nations helped british soldiers defend canada
  
  • Chief Tcumseh
  • Sir Isaac Brock

Question 16

War of 1812 (Now on 1813)

Answer 16

1813- Charles de Salaberry + 460 soldiers turned back 4000 american invaders :)

• Americans also burnt down the Government house + Parliament in Toronto

1814- Robert Ross from Nova Scotia went and burnt down the White house LOL

• Duke Wellington: Sent soldiers to help
• Laura Secord: In 1813 did a 30km trip to warn soldiers of american attack

Question 17

Rebellions 1837-38

Answer 17

• They thought we should join US
  
  • They tried… and failed
  • Not enough public support

Question 18

Responsible Government

Origins

Answer 18

Lord Durham- Came to report on the rebellions

• Suggested upper and lower Canada joined together
• Also wanted us to have responsible government

Responsible Government: Ministers of the Crown must have support of a majority of elected representatives to rule

Question 19

Fathers of Confederation

Answer 19

1. Sir Etienne-Paschal Tache
2. Sir George-Etienne Cartier
3. Sir John. A. Macdonald

Question 20

Responsible Government

Answer 20

1840- Upper and lower Canada united as the Province of Canada

Sir Louis Hippolyte La Fontaine: First head of responsible government

1847-48- Nova Scotia was the first british colony in north america to attain first responsible government

1848-49- Lord Elgin Governor of united Canada introduced responsible government for everyone

System today: If government loses confidence vote in the assembly, it must resign

Question 21

Confederation

Answer 21

1864-1867- Representatives of Nova Scotia, New Brunswiock, and the province of Canada made a new country!

• Made the 2 levels of government
  
  • Federal
  • Provintial
• Province of Canada split up into Ontario and Quebec
  
  • Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia formed a new contry called Dominion of Canada

1867- British North-America Act: Canada became a country!

• What we celebrate the 1st of June (Canada Day!)

Question 22

The First Prime Minister

Answer 22

1867- John Alexander Macdonald

• Scottish immigrant
• Lawyer

Question 23

Challenge In The West

First Nations got sick of it

Answer 23

1869- Canada took over northwest region from Hudson’s Bay Company

• 12 000 Metis were not consulted

Louis Riel led an army and seized Fort Garry

1870- Ottawa sent soldiers to retake Fort

• Riel fled
• Canada established the province of Manitoba

1873- Macdonald established the North West Mounted Police (NWMP)

1885- Indian rights were threatened AGAIN and they rebelled AGAIN

• Riel executed
• He was the father of Manitoba and protector of Metis rights
  
  • People were pissed

Question 24

Railway for Bribery

Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)

Answer 24

1871- Brittish Columbia joined Canada after Ottawa promised to build a railway to the west coast

1885- Railway complete

• Donald Smith was the director of the project
• The chinese built it
  
  • They were discriminated againsted against
    
    • Head tax
    • Race-based entry fee

Question 25

## Footnote **Sir Wilfrid Laurier**

Answer 25

1st French Canadian prime minister since confederation (Hes in the $5 bill) Liked immigration!

Question 26

## Footnote **WW1**

Answer 26

**1914-** Germany attacked Belgium + France and Britain declared war on them * Ottawa formed the Canadian Expeditionary force (Canadian Corps) **1917- April 9th** Battle of Vimy Ridge * We captured it boys! From 1914-1920 Ottawa interned 8,000 Astro-Hungarian men as enemy eliend in 24 labour camps in Canada **1918-** Under command of **Arthur Currie-** Canadian Corps advanced alongside the allies * **August 8:** battle of amiens * **November 11:** Germany + Austria surrender and war ends

Question 27

**Sir Arthur Currie**

Answer 27

Canada's greatest Soldier

Question 28

## Footnote **Women Get the Vote**

Answer 28

**Women's Suffrage Movement:** Effort by women to get the right to vote * Founder= **Dr. Emily Stowe** * **​**1st Canadian woman to practice medicine in Canada **1916-** Manitoba gives us right to vote **1917-** Gederal government **Robert Borden** gave us right to vote * 1st to nurses that served in war * Then to women related to soldiers **1918-** Most women allowed to vote **1940-** Quebec gives us rights

Question 29

## Footnote **Agnes Macphail**

Answer 29

1st woman MP

Question 30

## Footnote **November 11: Rememberance Day**

Answer 30

* Honour veterans * Share a moment of silence at the 11th hour in the 11th day in the 11th month **John McCrae:** In Flander's Fields **1915**

Question 31

## Footnote **In-Between Wars**

Answer 31

* We are now part of British Commonwealth of Nations * Then there's the roaring twenties **1929-** Stock market srash * Led to the dirty thirties/ Great depression **1933-** Many businesses wiped out **1934-** Bank of Canada created to manage money supply and bring stability to the finantial system

Question 32

## Footnote **Phil Edwards**

Answer 32

* Olympian in track and field * From Guiana * Won bronze in: * 1928 * 1932 * 1936 * Then became doctor

Question 33

## Footnote **D-Day** **June 6 1944**

Answer 33

**1943-44-** We help in the liberation of Italy **June 6 1944-** Invasion of Normandy in Northern France (D-Day) * 15 000 Canadians stormed and captured Juno beach from germany **1944-45** Canadian Army freed Netherlands and helped them force gernal surrencer and end the war

Question 34

## Footnote **WW2**

Answer 34

**1939-** Hitler invaded Poland + conquered lots of Europe **1941-** Canadians fought to defend Hong Kong from Japan (lost) **1942-** We also participated in a failed raid on Diepe (France) * Royal Canadian Airforce (RCAF)- Helped in battle of britain * Royal Canadian Navy (RCN)- Helped in the battle of attlantic * Protected convoys of merchant ships **Pacific War:** Japan was acting up so we took all of the land from Japanese imigrants here (1988 gave it back)