Canada's History Flashcards
To pass my citizenship test
Who was the first to map Canada’s Atlantic shore?
John Cabot
When did John Cabot first set foot in Atlantic Canada?
1497
What did John Cabot call Canada when he first arrived in Atlantic Canada?
New Founde Land
When did English Settlement first begin in Canada?
1610
Who were the first Europeans to reach Canada?
The vikings
What is the name of the Viking settlement remains?
l’Anse aux Meadows
When did the vikings first reach Canada?
1000 years ago
When did Jacques Cartier make his voyages to Canada for France?
Between 1534 - 1542
Which king and country sent Jaques Cartier to Canada to claim the land?
King Francis I of France
How did Canada get its name?
Jacques Cartier heard two captured guides speak the Iroquoi word kanata, meaning “village” - by the 1550s, Canada started appearing on maps
Who was the first European to explore the St. Lawrence river?
Jacques Cartier
When and where was the first European settlement established?
1604 on St. Croix Island in Maine and Port-Royal in Acadia (Present Day Nova Scotia)
Who established the settlements at St. Croix Island and Port-Royal in 1604
Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain
When was the fortress at Quebec City first built, and by whom?
1608 by Samuel de Champlain
Which Native groups did Champlain ally the Quebec colony with?
Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron
When did the French and Iroquios make peace?
1701
Who built a French fur trading empire in North America from the Hudson to the Gulf of Mexico?
Jean Talon, Bishop Laval, Count Frontenac
When did King Charles II of England grant the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay?
1670
Who granted the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay
King Charles II of England
What were the men who travelled by canoe during the fur trading era called?
voyageurs and coureurs des bois
When did Great Britain defeat France in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City?
1759
Who were the commanders of the two armies during the war in 1759 that ended the French Empire in America?
Brigadier James Wolfe and the Marquis de Montcalm
When was the Quebec Act passed by the British Parliament?
1774
What did the Quebec Act do?
allowed religious freedom for Catholics, allowed them to hold office and restored french civil law while maintaining British criminal law
Who fled to Canada during the US Revolutionary War?
“Loyalists”
Where did the “Loyalists” settle?
Nova Scotia and Quebec
Who led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada?
Joseph Brant
Where was freetown and when was it established?
1792 in Sierra Leone Africa
Who refused to surrender Quebec to England in 1690
Count Frontenac
Who defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775
Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester)
When did Sir Guy Carleton supervise the Loyalist migration to Nova Scotia and Quebec?
1782-1783
When was the first representative assembly elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia?
1773
When did New Brunswick elect its first representative assembly?
1785
When did Prince Edward Island elect its first representative assembly?
1785
What did the Constitutional act of 1791 do?
Divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (Later Ontario) and Lower Canada (later Quebec) - it also granted legislative assemblies elected by the people and the name Canada became official
What were the atlantic colonies and the Upper and Lower Canadas referred to in the 1790s?
British North America
When was the first elected Assembly of Lower Canada in Quebec city run?
January 21, 1793
Which was the first province and when to move towards abolition?
Upper Canada in 1793
Who was the lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada in 1793 when it moved towards abolition?
John Graves Simcoe
When did the British Parliament prohibit the buying and selling of slaves?
1807
When was slavery abolished throughout the British Empire?
1833
Who founded York (Toronto)
Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe
Who was a female activist against slavery to become the first woman publisher in canada
Mary Ann Shadd Cary
What did Mary Ann Shadd Cary write?
The Provincial Freeman, a weekly newspaper dedicated to anti-slavery, black immigration to canada, temperance and upholding british rule
What company came to dominate the fur trade in the Northwest?
Hudson’s Bay Company
When did the Montreal Stock Exchange open?
1832
What was Canada’s economy based on for centuries?
Fur, fish and timber
Why did the USA try to conquer Canada in 1812?
resentment of british interference of their shipping
Which Shawnee chief helped defend Canada from US invasion in 1812?
Chief Tecumseh
What battle dis Major-General win but died in?
Defending Queenston Heights near Niagara Falls
When did the Americans burn the government house and parliament buildings in York (Toronto)?
1813
Who led the expedition to burn down the White House?
Major-General Robert Ross
When did Canada burn down the white house?
1814
What US Ship was captured by the HMS Shannon in the war of 1812?
The USS Chesapeake
What are some popular historic sites from the war of 1812?
The Citadels at Halifax and Quebec City, the naval drydock at Halifax, and Fort Henry at Kingson
What was part of determining the US/Canada border
The outcome of the war of 1812
Where did the Duke of Wellington set up Rideau Canal, a network of forts to prevent USA invasion?
Bytown (Ottawa)
Who was the duke who defeated Napoleon in 1815 and helped found the national capital?
The Duke of Wellington
Who made a 19 mile (30km) journey to warn Lieutenant James Fitz-Gibbon of an american attack in 1813?
Laura Second, pioneer wife and mother of 5 children
When did Canada face rebellions due to the desire to adopt republican values or even join the USA?
1837-1838
Who suggested the upper and lower canada be merged and given responsible government?
Lord Durham, and English reformer
Who were some of the fathers of Confederation?
Sir Etienne-Paschal Tache and Sir George-Etienne Cartier and Sir John A. Macdonald
When were upper and lower canada united as the Province of Canada?
1840
What is ‘responsible government’?
The ministers of the Crown must have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to govern
Who worked with the british govnernors towards responsible government in the province of Canada in 1840?
Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine, Robert Baldwin and Joseph Howe
What was the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government, and when?
Nova Scotia in 1847-1848
When did Lord Elgin introduce united Canada to responsible government?
1848-1849
What is the governmental system Canada has today?
Responsible government, if the government loses a confidence vote in the assembly, it must resign
Who was the first leader of a responsible government in the Canadas?
Sir Louis-Hyppolyte La Fontaine
When did Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Province of Canada work together to establish a new country?
1864-1867
What are the levels of government that the Fathers of the Confederation create?
federal and provincial
What provinces was the old province of Canada split into?
Ontario and Quebec
What were the first provinces in the Dominion of Canada when it was created?
Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia
When was the British North American act passed by the British Parliament
1867
When was the dominion of Canada officially born?
July 1, 1867
When did the name change from “Dominion day” to “Canada day”
July 1, 1982
When was the term “Dominion of Canada” coined and by whom?
1864 by Sir Leonard Tilley
Who assigned Canada’s national colors (white and red)
King George V of England
What year did Manitoba and Northwest Territories join Canada?
1870
What year did British Columbia join Canada?
1871
What year did PEI join Canada?
1873
When were NWT transferred? (arctic islands)
1880
When did Yukon territory join Canada?
1898
When did Alberta and Saskatchewan join Canada?
1905
When did Newfoundland and Labrador join Canada
1949
When did Nunavut join Canada?
1999
When did canada almost get possession of the British West Indies in the Caribbean Sea?
1920s
Who was Canada’s first prime minister?
Sir John Alexander Macdonald, a Father of Confederation
When did Sir John Alexander Macdonald become Canada’s first prime minister
1867
What denomination of money is the first prime minister’s face on?
$10
Who was the key architect of the Confederation in Quebec?
Sir George-Etienne Cartier
When did Canada take over the northwest region from the Hudson’s Bay company?
1869
Who led an armed uprising of the Metis in 1869 in response to canada taking over the Northwest Territory?
Louis Riel
What fort was seized in 1869 during the armed Metis rebellion?
Fort Garry
When did Canada face a second rebellion in response to westward expansion into Saskatchewan?
1885
Why was Louis Riel tried and executed in 1885
For the Metis rebellion in Saskatchewan
When were the North West Mounted Police created
1873
What towns did the North West Mounted Police found?
Fort Calgary, Fort McCloud and “many others”
Who did the North West Mounted Police become?
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Who is one of Canada’s heroes who came from the RCMP?
Sir Sam Steele
How many years did the flag of the Hudson’s Bay company fly over Western Canada before Confederation?
200 years
Who was the Metis greatest military leader?
Gabriel Dumont
Why did BC join Canada?
Ottawa promised to build a railway to the west coast
When did Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona) drive the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)?
1885
What nationalities build the Canadian Pacific Railway?
Chinese and Europeans
What was the “Head Tax”
Discriminatory race-based entry fee leveraged on the Chinese immigrants who built the Canadian Pacific Railway
When did the government of Canada apologize for the Head Tax?
2006
When did Canada experience an economic and industrial boom?
1890s to early 1900s
Who was the first French-Canadian Prime Minister since Confederation?
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
Who is on the $5 Bill?
Sir Wilfrid Laurier
What nationalities immigrated to Western Canada after the railway was built?
Ukrainians, Poles Germans, French, Norwegians and Swedish
How many Canadians served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (Canadian Corps) in WW1?
more than 600,000
What did the Canada Corps capture in Europe in April 1917
Vimy Ridge
What was the reputation of the Canadian Corps in WW1
the “shock troops” of the British Empire
What does Canada celebrate on april 9?
Vimy Day
Who did Canada put into internment camps from 1914-1920?
Austro-Hungarian subjects, mainly Ukrainian men
Who was Canada’s greatest soldier in WW1?
General Sir Arthur Currie
When was WW1 Armistice?
November 11, 1918
How many Canadians were killed and wounded in WW1?
60,000 killed, 170,000 wounded
What was the outcome of WW1 on the Canadian psyche?
It strengthened national and imperial pride, especially across English Canada
When did Canada’s soldiers start using the maple leaf?
1850s
Who could vote at the time of Confederation?
Property owning adult white males
Who was the founder of women’s suffrage in Canada?
Dr. Emily Stowe - the first woman to practice medicine in Canada
What province was the first to grant voting rights to women, and when?
Manitoba in 1916
When did the federal government grant women the right to vote (first to nurses and women related to men in active military service)?
1917
When did most Canadian female cizitens aged 21 and over get the right to vote?
1918
Who was the first female MP, and when?
Agnes Macphail in 1921
When did women get the right to vote in Quebec?
1940
What was the name of the female nurses who served in the Royal Canadian army
“Bluebirds”
What did the British Empire evolve into after WW1?
The British Commonwealth of Nations
When was the Bank of Canada founded
1934
What happened when Jews trying to flee Nazi Germany tried to immigrate to Canada?
They were turned away
Who was a famous track and field olympian who served in the military for Canada during WW2?
Phil Edwards
What day is Remembrance Day celebrated?
November 11th
What is the symbol of remembrance day?
The red poppy
Who composed the poem “In Flanders Fields” in 1915, which is often recited on Remembrance Day
Lietenant-Colonel John McCrae
When was the D-Day invasion?
June 6, 1944
What beach did 15,000 Canadian troops storm and capture on D-Day?
Juno Beach
What was the ratio of canadian soldiers on D-day
1 in 10
When did Germany surrender in WW2?
May 8, 1945
How many Canadians and Newfoundlanders (Newf was a separate British entity at the time) serve in WW2?
more than 1 million
How many Canadians were killed in WW2?
44,000
What battle in WW2 did the Royal Canadian Air Force Participate in?
The Battle of Britain
What parts of Canada/North America did Japan attack during WW2?
The Aleutian Islands, Vancouver Island Lighthouse, and launched fire balloons over BC and the Prairies
When did Japan surrender in ww2?
August 14, 1945
What happened to Japanese in Canada during WW2
Forcible relocation and sale of their property without compensationn
When did the government of Canada apologize for the wartime wrongs against the Japanese residents of Canada?
1988
