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Canadian Citizenship > Canada's History > Flashcards

Canada's History Flashcards

To pass my citizenship test

1
Q

Who was the first to map Canada’s Atlantic shore?

A

John Cabot

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1
Q

When did John Cabot first set foot in Atlantic Canada?

A

1497

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2
Q

What did John Cabot call Canada when he first arrived in Atlantic Canada?

A

New Founde Land

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3
Q

When did English Settlement first begin in Canada?

A

1610

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4
Q

Who were the first Europeans to reach Canada?

A

The vikings

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5
Q

What is the name of the Viking settlement remains?

A

l’Anse aux Meadows

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6
Q

When did the vikings first reach Canada?

A

1000 years ago

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7
Q

When did Jacques Cartier make his voyages to Canada for France?

A

Between 1534 - 1542

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8
Q

Which king and country sent Jaques Cartier to Canada to claim the land?

A

King Francis I of France

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9
Q

How did Canada get its name?

A

Jacques Cartier heard two captured guides speak the Iroquoi word kanata, meaning “village” - by the 1550s, Canada started appearing on maps

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10
Q

Who was the first European to explore the St. Lawrence river?

A

Jacques Cartier

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11
Q

When and where was the first European settlement established?

A

1604 on St. Croix Island in Maine and Port-Royal in Acadia (Present Day Nova Scotia)

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12
Q

Who established the settlements at St. Croix Island and Port-Royal in 1604

A

Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain

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13
Q

When was the fortress at Quebec City first built, and by whom?

A

1608 by Samuel de Champlain

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14
Q

Which Native groups did Champlain ally the Quebec colony with?

A

Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron

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15
Q

When did the French and Iroquios make peace?

A

1701

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16
Q

Who built a French fur trading empire in North America from the Hudson to the Gulf of Mexico?

A

Jean Talon, Bishop Laval, Count Frontenac

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17
Q

When did King Charles II of England grant the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay?

A

1670

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18
Q

Who granted the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay

A

King Charles II of England

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19
Q

What were the men who travelled by canoe during the fur trading era called?

A

voyageurs and coureurs des bois

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20
Q

When did Great Britain defeat France in the Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Quebec City?

A

1759

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21
Q

Who were the commanders of the two armies during the war in 1759 that ended the French Empire in America?

A

Brigadier James Wolfe and the Marquis de Montcalm

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22
Q

When was the Quebec Act passed by the British Parliament?

A

1774

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23
Q

What did the Quebec Act do?

A

allowed religious freedom for Catholics, allowed them to hold office and restored french civil law while maintaining British criminal law

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24
Q

Who fled to Canada during the US Revolutionary War?

A

“Loyalists”

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25
Q

Where did the “Loyalists” settle?

A

Nova Scotia and Quebec

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26
Q

Who led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk Indians into Canada?

A

Joseph Brant

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27
Q

Where was freetown and when was it established?

A

1792 in Sierra Leone Africa

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28
Q

Who refused to surrender Quebec to England in 1690

A

Count Frontenac

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29
Q

Who defeated an American military invasion of Quebec in 1775

A

Sir Guy Carleton (Lord Dorchester)

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30
Q

When did Sir Guy Carleton supervise the Loyalist migration to Nova Scotia and Quebec?

A

1782-1783

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31
Q

When was the first representative assembly elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia?

A

1773

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32
Q

When did New Brunswick elect its first representative assembly?

A

1785

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33
Q

When did Prince Edward Island elect its first representative assembly?

A

1785

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34
Q

What did the Constitutional act of 1791 do?

A

Divided the Province of Quebec into Upper Canada (Later Ontario) and Lower Canada (later Quebec) - it also granted legislative assemblies elected by the people and the name Canada became official

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35
Q

What were the atlantic colonies and the Upper and Lower Canadas referred to in the 1790s?

A

British North America

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36
Q

When was the first elected Assembly of Lower Canada in Quebec city run?

A

January 21, 1793

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37
Q

Which was the first province and when to move towards abolition?

A

Upper Canada in 1793

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38
Q

Who was the lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada in 1793 when it moved towards abolition?

A

John Graves Simcoe

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39
Q

When did the British Parliament prohibit the buying and selling of slaves?

A

1807

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40
Q

When was slavery abolished throughout the British Empire?

A

1833

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41
Q

Who founded York (Toronto)

A

Lieutenant-Governor John Graves Simcoe

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42
Q

Who was a female activist against slavery to become the first woman publisher in canada

A

Mary Ann Shadd Cary

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43
Q

What did Mary Ann Shadd Cary write?

A

The Provincial Freeman, a weekly newspaper dedicated to anti-slavery, black immigration to canada, temperance and upholding british rule

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44
Q

What company came to dominate the fur trade in the Northwest?

A

Hudson’s Bay Company

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45
Q

When did the Montreal Stock Exchange open?

A

1832

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46
Q

What was Canada’s economy based on for centuries?

A

Fur, fish and timber

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47
Q

Why did the USA try to conquer Canada in 1812?

A

resentment of british interference of their shipping

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48
Q

Which Shawnee chief helped defend Canada from US invasion in 1812?

A

Chief Tecumseh

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49
Q

What battle dis Major-General win but died in?

A

Defending Queenston Heights near Niagara Falls

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50
Q

When did the Americans burn the government house and parliament buildings in York (Toronto)?

A

1813

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51
Q

Who led the expedition to burn down the White House?

A

Major-General Robert Ross

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52
Q

When did Canada burn down the white house?

A

1814

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53
Q

What US Ship was captured by the HMS Shannon in the war of 1812?

A

The USS Chesapeake

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54
Q

What are some popular historic sites from the war of 1812?

A

The Citadels at Halifax and Quebec City, the naval drydock at Halifax, and Fort Henry at Kingson

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55
Q

What was part of determining the US/Canada border

A

The outcome of the war of 1812

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56
Q

Where did the Duke of Wellington set up Rideau Canal, a network of forts to prevent USA invasion?

A

Bytown (Ottawa)

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57
Q

Who was the duke who defeated Napoleon in 1815 and helped found the national capital?

A

The Duke of Wellington

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58
Q

Who made a 19 mile (30km) journey to warn Lieutenant James Fitz-Gibbon of an american attack in 1813?

A

Laura Second, pioneer wife and mother of 5 children

59
Q

When did Canada face rebellions due to the desire to adopt republican values or even join the USA?

A

1837-1838

60
Q

Who suggested the upper and lower canada be merged and given responsible government?

A

Lord Durham, and English reformer

61
Q

Who were some of the fathers of Confederation?

A

Sir Etienne-Paschal Tache and Sir George-Etienne Cartier and Sir John A. Macdonald

62
Q

When were upper and lower canada united as the Province of Canada?

A

1840

63
Q

What is ‘responsible government’?

A

The ministers of the Crown must have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to govern

64
Q

Who worked with the british govnernors towards responsible government in the province of Canada in 1840?

A

Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine, Robert Baldwin and Joseph Howe

65
Q

What was the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government, and when?

A

Nova Scotia in 1847-1848

66
Q

When did Lord Elgin introduce united Canada to responsible government?

A

1848-1849

67
Q

What is the governmental system Canada has today?

A

Responsible government, if the government loses a confidence vote in the assembly, it must resign

68
Q

Who was the first leader of a responsible government in the Canadas?

A

Sir Louis-Hyppolyte La Fontaine

69
Q

When did Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Province of Canada work together to establish a new country?

A

1864-1867

70
Q

What are the levels of government that the Fathers of the Confederation create?

A

federal and provincial

71
Q

What provinces was the old province of Canada split into?

A

Ontario and Quebec

72
Q

What were the first provinces in the Dominion of Canada when it was created?

A

Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia

73
Q

When was the British North American act passed by the British Parliament

A

1867

74
Q

When was the dominion of Canada officially born?

A

July 1, 1867

75
Q

When did the name change from “Dominion day” to “Canada day”

A

July 1, 1982

76
Q

When was the term “Dominion of Canada” coined and by whom?

A

1864 by Sir Leonard Tilley

77
Q

Who assigned Canada’s national colors (white and red)

A

King George V of England

78
Q

What year did Manitoba and Northwest Territories join Canada?

A

1870

79
Q

What year did British Columbia join Canada?

A

1871

80
Q

What year did PEI join Canada?

A

1873

81
Q

When were NWT transferred? (arctic islands)

A

1880

82
Q

When did Yukon territory join Canada?

A

1898

83
Q

When did Alberta and Saskatchewan join Canada?

A

1905

84
Q

When did Newfoundland and Labrador join Canada

A

1949

85
Q

When did Nunavut join Canada?

A

1999

86
Q

When did canada almost get possession of the British West Indies in the Caribbean Sea?

A

1920s

87
Q

Who was Canada’s first prime minister?

A

Sir John Alexander Macdonald, a Father of Confederation

88
Q

When did Sir John Alexander Macdonald become Canada’s first prime minister

A

1867

89
Q

What denomination of money is the first prime minister’s face on?

A

$10

90
Q

Who was the key architect of the Confederation in Quebec?

A

Sir George-Etienne Cartier

91
Q

When did Canada take over the northwest region from the Hudson’s Bay company?

A

1869

92
Q

Who led an armed uprising of the Metis in 1869 in response to canada taking over the Northwest Territory?

A

Louis Riel

93
Q

What fort was seized in 1869 during the armed Metis rebellion?

A

Fort Garry

94
Q

When did Canada face a second rebellion in response to westward expansion into Saskatchewan?

A

1885

95
Q

Why was Louis Riel tried and executed in 1885

A

For the Metis rebellion in Saskatchewan

96
Q

When were the North West Mounted Police created

A

1873

97
Q

What towns did the North West Mounted Police found?

A

Fort Calgary, Fort McCloud and “many others”

98
Q

Who did the North West Mounted Police become?

A

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police

99
Q

Who is one of Canada’s heroes who came from the RCMP?

A

Sir Sam Steele

100
Q

How many years did the flag of the Hudson’s Bay company fly over Western Canada before Confederation?

A

200 years

101
Q

Who was the Metis greatest military leader?

A

Gabriel Dumont

102
Q

Why did BC join Canada?

A

Ottawa promised to build a railway to the west coast

103
Q

When did Donald Smith (Lord Strathcona) drive the last spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR)?

A

1885

104
Q

What nationalities build the Canadian Pacific Railway?

A

Chinese and Europeans

105
Q

What was the “Head Tax”

A

Discriminatory race-based entry fee leveraged on the Chinese immigrants who built the Canadian Pacific Railway

106
Q

When did the government of Canada apologize for the Head Tax?

A

2006

107
Q

When did Canada experience an economic and industrial boom?

A

1890s to early 1900s

108
Q

Who was the first French-Canadian Prime Minister since Confederation?

A

Sir Wilfrid Laurier

109
Q

Who is on the $5 Bill?

A

Sir Wilfrid Laurier

110
Q

What nationalities immigrated to Western Canada after the railway was built?

A

Ukrainians, Poles Germans, French, Norwegians and Swedish

111
Q

How many Canadians served in the Canadian Expeditionary Force (Canadian Corps) in WW1?

A

more than 600,000

112
Q

What did the Canada Corps capture in Europe in April 1917

A

Vimy Ridge

113
Q

What was the reputation of the Canadian Corps in WW1

A

the “shock troops” of the British Empire

114
Q

What does Canada celebrate on april 9?

A

Vimy Day

115
Q

Who did Canada put into internment camps from 1914-1920?

A

Austro-Hungarian subjects, mainly Ukrainian men

116
Q

Who was Canada’s greatest soldier in WW1?

A

General Sir Arthur Currie

117
Q

When was WW1 Armistice?

A

November 11, 1918

118
Q

How many Canadians were killed and wounded in WW1?

A

60,000 killed, 170,000 wounded

119
Q

What was the outcome of WW1 on the Canadian psyche?

A

It strengthened national and imperial pride, especially across English Canada

120
Q

When did Canada’s soldiers start using the maple leaf?

A

1850s

121
Q

Who could vote at the time of Confederation?

A

Property owning adult white males

122
Q

Who was the founder of women’s suffrage in Canada?

A

Dr. Emily Stowe - the first woman to practice medicine in Canada

123
Q

What province was the first to grant voting rights to women, and when?

A

Manitoba in 1916

124
Q

When did the federal government grant women the right to vote (first to nurses and women related to men in active military service)?

A

1917

125
Q

When did most Canadian female cizitens aged 21 and over get the right to vote?

A

1918

126
Q

Who was the first female MP, and when?

A

Agnes Macphail in 1921

127
Q

When did women get the right to vote in Quebec?

A

1940

128
Q

What was the name of the female nurses who served in the Royal Canadian army

A

“Bluebirds”

129
Q

What did the British Empire evolve into after WW1?

A

The British Commonwealth of Nations

130
Q

When was the Bank of Canada founded

A

1934

131
Q

What happened when Jews trying to flee Nazi Germany tried to immigrate to Canada?

A

They were turned away

132
Q

Who was a famous track and field olympian who served in the military for Canada during WW2?

A

Phil Edwards

133
Q

What day is Remembrance Day celebrated?

A

November 11th

134
Q

What is the symbol of remembrance day?

A

The red poppy

135
Q

Who composed the poem “In Flanders Fields” in 1915, which is often recited on Remembrance Day

A

Lietenant-Colonel John McCrae

136
Q

When was the D-Day invasion?

A

June 6, 1944

137
Q

What beach did 15,000 Canadian troops storm and capture on D-Day?

A

Juno Beach

138
Q

What was the ratio of canadian soldiers on D-day

A

1 in 10

139
Q

When did Germany surrender in WW2?

A

May 8, 1945

140
Q

How many Canadians and Newfoundlanders (Newf was a separate British entity at the time) serve in WW2?

A

more than 1 million

141
Q

How many Canadians were killed in WW2?

A

44,000

142
Q

What battle in WW2 did the Royal Canadian Air Force Participate in?

A

The Battle of Britain

143
Q

What parts of Canada/North America did Japan attack during WW2?

A

The Aleutian Islands, Vancouver Island Lighthouse, and launched fire balloons over BC and the Prairies

144
Q

When did Japan surrender in ww2?

A

August 14, 1945

145
Q

What happened to Japanese in Canada during WW2

A

Forcible relocation and sale of their property without compensationn

146
Q

When did the government of Canada apologize for the wartime wrongs against the Japanese residents of Canada?

A

1988

Canadian Citizenship (9 decks)

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