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Canada Citizenship Test > Canada’s History > Flashcards

Canada’s History Flashcards

1
Q

Who was the first to map Canada’s Atlantic shore?

A

John Cabot

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2
Q

When did John Cabot set foot on Newfoundland?

A

1497

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3
Q

When did English settlement begin?

A

1610

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4
Q

Who was Jacques Cartier?

A

Jacques Cartier was the first European to explore the St. Lawrence River. He made three voyages across the Atlantic between 1534 and 1542, claiming the land for King Francis I of France.

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5
Q

Where does the name Canada come from?

A

From the Iroquoian word kanata, meaning village. The name of Canada began appearing on maps by the 1550s.

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6
Q

When was the first establishment North of Florida established and by whom?

A

In 1604, by French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain

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7
Q

When did Champlain built a fortress at what is now Québec city?

A

1608

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8
Q

With whom did Champlain ally the colony?

A

The Algonquin, Montagnais, and Huron (historic enemies of the Iroquois)

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9
Q

When did the French and the Iroquois make peace?

A

In 1701

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10
Q

When and by whom was the Hudson’s Bay Company granted exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay?

A

In 1670, by King Charles II of England

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11
Q

What were the skilled and courageous men who travel by canoe called?

A

Voyageurs and coureurs des bois

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12
Q

When did France and Great Britain battle for control of North America?

A

In the 1700s

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13
Q

When did the British defeat the French for control of North America?

A

In 1759

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14
Q

What was the name of the battle where the British defeated the French?

A

The Battle of the Plains of Abraham at Québec City

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15
Q

What is the Quebec act and when was it passed by the British Parliament?

A

The act was passed in 1774 and accommodated the principles of British institutions to the reality of the province of Quebec. In allowed religious freedom for Catholics and permitted them to hold public office, a practice not then allowed in Britain. The Quebec act restored French civil law while maintaining British criminal law.

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16
Q

When did the 13 British colonies to the south of Quebec declare independence and formed the United States?

A

1776

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17
Q

What are loyalists?

A

People who were loyal to the Crown. 40,000 of them fled the oppression of the American revolution to settle in Nova Scotia and Quebec.

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18
Q

Where did the loyalists come from?

A

Dutch ,German, British, Scandinavian, aboriginal and other origins.

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19
Q

Which religious backgrounds did loyalists have?

A

Presbyterian, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, Jewish, Quaker, and Catholic religious backgrounds.

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20
Q

When and where was the first representative assembly elected?

A

In Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1758, followed by Prince Edward Island in 1773 and New Brunswick in 1785.

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21
Q

When was the constitutional act established and province of Quebec divided into upper Canada and lower Canada?

A

In 1791

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22
Q

When did the name Canada become official?

A

In 1791, when the constitutional act was established

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23
Q

When did the first movement to abolish the transatlantic slave trade emerge?

A

In the late 1700s in the British parliament.

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24
Q

Which province was the first province of the empire to move toward abolition?

A

Upper Canada, in 1793

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25
Q

When did the British parliament prohibit the buying and selling of slaves?

A

1807

26
Q

When was slavery abolished throughout the empire?

A

1833

27
Q

What is the underground railroad?

A

A Christian anti-slavery network that helped escape thousands of slaves from the United States.

28
Q

When were the first companies in Canada formed?

A

During the French and British regimes. They competed for the fur trade

29
Q

What was the dominating company during the French and British regimes?

A

Hudsons Bay Company in the northwest from the trading posts Fort Garry and fort Edmonton to Fort Langley and fort Victoria

30
Q

When did the first financial institutions open?

A

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries

31
Q

When did the Montreal stock exchange open?

A

1832

32
Q

What was the battle of Trafalgar?

A

The defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte’s fleet in 1805.

33
Q

When did the United States launch an invasion to conquer Canada?

A

June 1812-1814

34
Q

Who played a direct role in founding the national capital of Canada?

A

The Duke of Wellington, who defeated Napoleon in 1815. He chose Baytown (Ottawa) as the endpoint of the Rideau canal, part of a network of forts to prevent the United States from invading Canada again.

35
Q

What are the rebellions of 1837-38?

A

In the 1830s, reformers in Upper and Lower Canada believed that progress toward full democracy was too slow. Armed rebellions occurred in 1937-1938 in the area outside Montreal and in Toronto. They did not have enough public support to succeed. They were defeated by British troops and Canadian volunteers.

36
Q

Who was Lord Durham?

A

An English reformer sent to report on the rebellions. He recommended that Upper and Lower Canada be merged and given responsible government (i.e., the ministers of the Crown must have the support of a majority of the elected representatives in order to govern.

37
Q

When were Upper and Lower Canada united as the Province of Canada?

A

1840

38
Q

What was the first British North American colony to attain full responsible government?

A

Nova Scotia in 1847-48.

39
Q

When did United Canada attain full responsible government?

A

1848-49

40
Q

Who are the Fathers of the Confederation?

A

Representatives of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and the Province of Canada who worked together, with British support, to establish a new country from 1864 to 1867. They created two levels of government: federal and provincial.

41
Q

What happened with the provinces during the Confederation?

A

The old Province of Canada was split into Ontario and Quebec, which, together with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, formed the new country called the Dominion of Canada.

42
Q

When was the British North America Act passed?

A
  1. The Dominion of Canada was officially born on July 1, 1867. Until 1982, July 1 was celebrated as Dominion Day, which is now celebrated as Canada Day.
43
Q

Who was the first head of a responsible government in Canada?

A

Sir Louis-Hippolyte La Fontaine in 1849.

44
Q

Where does the name Dominion of Canada come from?

A

Suggested by Sir Leonard Tilley, an elected official and Father of Confederation from New Brunswick,in 1864. He was inspired by Psalm 72 in the Bible (dominion from sea to sea and from the river to the ends of the earth)

45
Q

What was the course of expansion of the Dominion?

A

1867: Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick
1870: Manitoba, Northwest Territories
1871: British Columbia
1873: Prince Edward Island
1880: Transfer of the Arctic Islands to Northwest Territories
1898: Yukon Territory
1905: Alberta, Saskatchewan
1949: Newfoundland and Labrador
1999: Nunavut

46
Q

Who was Canada’s first Prime Minister?

A

Sir John Alexander Macdonald, a Father of Confederation, in 1867. January 11 is Sir John A. Macdonald Day.

47
Q

Who was Sir George-Étienne Cartier?

A

He was the key architect of Confederation from Quebec and helped negotiate the entry of the Northwest Territories, Manitoba, and British Columbia into Canada.

48
Q

When did Canada take over the northwest region from the Hudson’s Bay Company?

A
  1. 12,000 Métis of the Red River were not consulted. In response, Louis Riel led an armed uprising and seized Fort Garry, the territorial capital.
49
Q

Who is Louis Riel?

A

Defender of Métis rights and the father of Manitoba

50
Q

When was the North West Mounted Police (NWMP) established?

A

1873 to assist in negotiations with the Indians

51
Q

When was the Canadian Pacific Railway completed and what was its importance?

A

November 7, 1885. A symbol of unity for British Columbia joining Canada after a Ottawa promised to build a railway to the West Coast.

52
Q

When was the economic boom?

A

1890s and 1900s; Canada became more industrialized. One million British and one Million Americans immigrated to Canada.

53
Q

When was the First World War?

A
  1. The Canadian Expeditionary Force was formed (later the Canadian Corps)
54
Q

What is celebrated on Vimy Day (April 9)

A

The Canadian Corps captured Vimy Ridge in April 1917.

55
Q

When did the First World War end?

A

November 11, 1918

56
Q

Who was Dr. Emily Stowe?

A

The first Canadian woman to practice medicine in Canada, founder of women’s suffrage movement in Canada.

57
Q

What was the first province to grant voting rights to women?

A

Manitoba, in 1916.

58
Q

When were women given the right to vote in federal elections?

A

1917-18

59
Q

Who was the first woman MP?

A

Agnes Macphail, in 1921.

60
Q

When was the Bank of Canada created?

A

1934

Canada Citizenship Test (11 decks)

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