CAMHS Flashcards
What is the most effective treatment for children with conduct disorder?
Multimodal therapy
Including CBT, functional family therapy, multi-systemic therapy
1st degree relatives of patients with ADHD are prone to which mental disorders?
depression and BPAD
Is dependence common with Methyphenidate?
no
What are some of the side effects of Methylphenidate?
- delays physical growth
- suppresses appetite
- sleep disturbance (if taken late in the day)
- cramps
- headaches
- increased HR/blood pressure
- tics
What is better than placebo for treating tics in ADHD?
Methylphenidate + clonidine
But clinidine should be avoided in children
What must be done to facilitate growth in patients taking Methylphendiate?
A drug holiday
What % of children with autism have associated ADHD?
50%
Which genes have been implicated in ADHD?
polymorphism of DAT1 gene, Dopamine D4, Snap-25, genes 5/6/11
- siblings have 2-3x increased risk
- heritability - 80%
What are some biological factors iplicated in the aetiology of coduct disorder?
- high testosterone
- hx of head injury
- low plasmma serotonin level
- low plasma dopamne level
What percentage of children with ADHD go on to develop substance misuse?
15-20%
Age of onset of oppositional disorder?
Before 8 years old
Which medication can be used for the management of aggression in conduct disorder?
Risperidone
Which features support a diagnosis of Asperger’s?
- restricted and repetitive behaviours
- marked clumsiness
- socially withdrawn
- worries about the welfare of others
Which non stimulant medications are recommended in ADHD?
- Clonidine
- Atomoxetine
- Bupropion
- Imipramine
What % of people with conduct disorder develop ASPD?
40%
What significantly increases on using melatonin?
Sleep duration
- shorten the time to fall asleep (reduces latency)
- improves total rapid-eye movement (REM) duration (reduces REM latency)
- reduces the number of sleep interruptions
What % of children sleepwalk?
20%
- typically between the ages of 4 and 8
- seems to run in families
- person usually has no recollection of the episode the following morning
- injury may occur
- Eyes are usually wide open and talk is incoherent with communication usually impossible
- If awakened during the episode, they are confused and disorientated.
What’s the first line treatment in mild to moderate cases of ADHD?
In mild to moderate cases of ADHD, the first line treatments are usually behaviour therapy and education.
What are first line medication options for severe ADHD?
Methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine (try for 6 weeks)
if above ineffective, consider switching to to the alternative first-line option
Consider dexamfetamine for those responding to lisdexamfetamine but who cannot tolerate the longer effect profile
Offer atomoxetine or guanfacine for those who can’t tolerate methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine
What are the risk factors for ADHD?
- prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines, alcohol and nicotine
- prenatal and perinatal complications
- Low birth weight and prematurity
- poor attachment and severe early deprivation
- institutional rearing
- head injury at >2 years of age
What’s the increment of delinquency in people with ADHD?
4x
which of the cildhood disorders tends to peak in severity around the age of 11?
Tourettes
Which ADHD medication should be avoided in liver disease?
Atomoxetine should be avoided in children with preexisting liver disease. Parents should be warned of the possibilities of liver diesase emerging and advised of the possible features they might notice.LFTs monitoring is needed.
Which factors are associated with enuresis?
Stressful life events, UTI, constipation, low socioeconomic background, FHx of enuresis, large families or overcrowded conditions.