Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MB > Anxieties > Flashcards

Anxieties Flashcards

1
Q

What is the prevalence of OCD?

A

1-3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an important factor in maintaining OCD symptoms?

A

Relief of anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are poor prognostic factors for OCD?

A
  • symptoms involving the need for symmetry and exactness
  • presence of hopelessness and hallucinations
  • family history of OCD
  • continuous, episodic course
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are good prognostic factors for OCD?

A

Predominance of phobic ruminative ideas in the absence of compulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common and prevalent obsession?

A

Fear of contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common and prevalent compulsion?

A

Checking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the least prevalent obsession?

A

Sexual or aggressive thoughts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the least prevalent compulsion?

A

Counting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the common biochemical changes identified in patients with PTSD?

A

Lower basal cortisol level and elevated levels of corticotrophin releasing hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prevalence of GAD?

A

3.1%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Number of people suffering from mixed anxiety and depression at any given time in the UK?

A

9 in 100

9%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Does YBOCS rate obsessive personality traits?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can increase the placebo effect in anxious patients?

A

Capsules instead of tablets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Highest prevalence anxiety disorder according to NPMS?

A

Mixed anxiety and depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Highest prevalence anxiety disoder according to ECA and NCS?

ECA was community based survey carried out in the USA using using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule

A

Phobia (12.5%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mean age for GAD diagnosis?

A

30 (“vague”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mean age for agoraphobia diagnosis?

A

25 (“shelter”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Mean age for OCD diagnosis?

A

20 (“sex, violence, religion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mean age for social phobia diagnosis?

A

15 (“people”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mean age for specific phobia diagnosis?

A

10 (“natural events”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

M:F ratio OCD

A

1:1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which area of the brain has been implicated in OCD?

A

Hypometabolism of basal ganglia stuctures

Hypermetabolism in the orbitofrontal gyrus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the OCD spectrum disorders?

A
  1. Somatic preoccupation - BDD, hypochondriasis or anorexia
  2. Neurological disorders - Tourettes, Sydenhams and ASD
  3. Impulse control disorders - paraphilias, kleptomania, pathological gambling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

whats the treatmen for OCD?

A

mild to moderate severity:

  1. Self help
  2. CBT with ERP
  3. SSRIs+/- CBT

severe:

  1. SSRIs +/- CBT
  2. For non-responders switch to a different SSRI or Clomipramine
  3. Antispychotic augmentation after 3 month trial of maximum dose of SSRI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Whats the NNT for OCD with SSRIs?
6-12
26
What is the point prevalence of PTSD?
1%
27
Which trauma do men develop PTSD more than womeb?
Rape
28
Factors associated with PTSD
Pre-trauatic factors: prev psych disorder, female gender, external locus of control, low SES, ethnic minority, PD Peritraumatic factors: high severity of trauma, perceived threat to life, peritraumatic dissociation Post traumatic factors: percieved lack of social support, subsequent life stress, physical illness
29
Protective factors for PTSD
High IQ | High SES
30
Neurobiological feautures of PTSD
hippocampus and amygdala abnormalities | low corticsol sevels
31
Clinic features of PTSD
1. intrusion 2. avoidance 3. negative alterations in cognitions and mood 4. alterations in arousal and reactivity
32
What is the lifetime prevalence of PTSD?
3. 6% men | 9. 7% women
33
Which mesaures are likely to be beneficial to prevent PTSD?
Multiple session CBT
34
Which mesaures are unlikely to be beneficial to prevent PTSD?
Single session debriefing | Supportive counselling
35
What's the management of PTSD?
- Watchful waiting where symptoms are mild and have been present for less than 4 weeks after the trauma - non benzo sleeper after 4 consecutive nights w/o sleep Symptoms present within 3 months of trauma: -trauma focused CBT Symptoms present for more than 3 months after trauma: - trauma focused CBT or EMDR - alternative psychotherapy if onen fails - consider medication after -> paroxetine, mirtazapine (amitryptilineand phenelzine for sepcialist use)
36
Prevalence of GAD
point - 2-3% | lifetime - 5%
37
Risk factors for GAD
``` female high number of life events first degree relative with GAD Exposure to civilian trauma bullying or victimisation ```
38
What score on Hamilton scale for anxiety signifies recovery?
7 (treatment response is 50% reduction in baseline score)
39
What are the acute treatment options for GAD?
1. Mild GAD - Education and active monitoring 2. Mild GAD with no response to step 1 - Low-intensity psychological interventions -> 1. individual non-facilitated self-help (based on CBT) 2. individual guided self-helppsychoeducational groups (based on CBT) 3. Those with marked functional impairment or those who have not responded to step 2 - Individual high-intensity CBT or applied relaxation or drug treatment 4. Those with very marked functional impairment, those with no response to step 3, or those with self-neglect, risks of self-harm or suicide, or significant co-morbidity - complex drug and/or psychological treatment regimens; input from multi-agency teams, crisis services, day hospitals or inpatient care Medications for acute GAD SSRIS - escitalopram, paroxetine, setraline TCAs - imipramine Venlafaxine, duloxetine, buspirone
40
What are the treatment options for relapse prevention in GAD?
Paroxetine, escitalopram, CBT, venlafaxine , Pregabalin
41
What re adjunctive options for non response to treatment in GAD?
Low dose Olanzapine/Risperidon
42
Which herbal treatments appear to be effective in GAD?
Kava (piper methysticum)
43
What adverse effect has kava been assocuaed with?
Allergy | Fatal hepatotoxicity
44
Whats the point prevalence of social phobia?
2.8%
45
What's the treatment for social phobia?
CBT and SSRIs Phenelzine second line SSRI + clonazepam/gabapentin/pregabalin third line
46
Point prevalence of panic disorder?
0.9%
47
ICD10 definition of panic disorder
recurrent, unpredictable panic attacks with sudden onset of palpitations, chest pain, choking sensations, dizziness, feelings of unreality, fear of dying, losing control or going mad
48
NICE guidelines for panic disorder
CBT, self help SSRIs first line medication If no improvement after 12 weeks of SSRI then imipramine or clomipramine
49
Factors that may predispose to BDD
low self esteem critical parents and SOs early childhood trauma unconscious displacement of emotional conflict
50
Treatment of BDD
High dose SSRIs for long duration | CBT
51
How often should follow up be done in patients with GAD started on SSRIs and why?
For patients under the age of 30 years who are prescribed SSRIs, NICE recommend warning them of the increased risk of suicidal thinking and self-harm. Weekly follow-up is recommended for the first month
52
How long should medication continue for if it is successful in GAD?
If medication is successful it is recommended that it continue for at least 1 year
53
How long should medication continue for if it is successful in panic disorder?
6 months
54
What is flooding therapy?
used in the treatment of phobias. It is very different to systematic desensitisation in that it encourages people to directly confront the phobia and remain until the anxiety is gone (a process called habituation)
55
Panic with agoraphobia M:F ratio
1:3
56
Panic without agoraphobia M:F ratio
1:2
57
Generalised anxiety disorder M:F ratio
1:2
58
Specific phobia M:F ratio
1:2
59
Prevalence of anxiety disorders according to Steel at al?
1 in 15
60
According to data from the National psychiatric morbidity survey, in which condition do females and males show similar rates?
Panic disorder
61
% of people with specific phobia who experience at least one other psychiatric disorder in their lifetime
80%
62
The average duration of illness at the time of initial evaluation of Generalized Anxiety Disorder is around
20 years
63
Which medication is not licenced for obsessive compulsive disorder?
Citalopram

MB (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions