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JPaxTV Film Notes > Camera > Flashcards

Camera Flashcards

1
Q

standard series of f-stops?

A

1, 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32

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2
Q

f - stop equation ?

A

f number = focal length/ lens diameter

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3
Q

when stopping down the f-number goes _____ and the iris____

A

f-number up, iris - closes

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4
Q

Advantage of Slow Shutter Speed

A

requires less light

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5
Q

how is a t-stop different? what does it stand for?

A

True Stops. T-Stops account for the loss of light passing through elements, representative of actual light that reaches sensor/film. f-stop is just a geometric relationship between aperture & focal length

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6
Q

for shots with subjects on different planes focus on ____

A

on a point halfway between

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7
Q

for close shots focus on subjects_______

A

eyes

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8
Q

what is f-stop

A

the light passing power of a lens or relative- \aperture. Each stop representing a halving of light intensity from previous stop.

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9
Q

Basic Way Digital Resolution is determined

A

by pixels per given area

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10
Q

resolving power explained simply

A

measured by it’s ability to differentiate two lines or points in an object. The greater the resolving power, the smaller the minimal distance between the lines/points that can still be distinguished

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11
Q

why phone MP is misleading

A

More can be worst, if too much per size of sensor. Requires certain resolving power to reproduce accurately.

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12
Q

(DSLR) 3 primary factors to determine camera’s exposure

A
  • -ISO -
  • Aperture -
  • Shutter Speed
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13
Q

DSLR - Order of (exposure) priority

A

Start with lowest iso possible. Determine F-Stop. Then play with shutter speed

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14
Q

Tips for bracketing shots (DSLR)

A

Determine Optimum Exposure. Then bracket stops one full stop on each side

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15
Q

What does ISO stand for

A

International Standards Organization

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16
Q

Most cameras have a _____ setting that can increase low light sensity. Too much though results in noise

A

gain

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17
Q

The difference between ISO and Gain

A

Gain boosts signal to camera sensor (CCD or CMOS) adding more voltage to pixels on imager causing them to amplify their intensity and therefore brighten your image. This voltage increase is measured in decibels (dB) ISO originated from Film era, and adjusts sensors sensitivity to light.

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18
Q

what is sharpness

A

how crisp & in-focus an image looks

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19
Q

why is sharpness sometimes more important than res.

A

our eyes are more likely to notice bold black & white contrast than fine details

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20
Q

how is sharpness achieved

A

by adjusting contrast low-res can look sharper

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21
Q

gain should normally be set at?

A

0 db

22
Q

in low situations w/ a poor exposure you can increase the gain or lower the ____

A

shutter speed

23
Q

if there’s too much light and the lens is stopped down try a ____

A

NDF

24
Q

video gain is measured in

A

db (decibels) Typical switch 0, 3, 6, 9

25
Q

increasing gain is like decreasing

A

doubling ISO

26
Q

boosting ISO doesnt truly increase sensor sensitivity, it increases

A

the signal after it leaves the sensor

27
Q

a camera op shooting at their preferred ISO is not always ideal because_____

A

camera’s are optimized for a particular ISO

28
Q

when highlights are clipped reducing ISO can reduce ______

A

reduce dynamic range. At lower ISO settings the dynamic range tends to shift towards shadow detail

29
Q

shutter speed is usually ____ fps

A

half the frame rate. for ex. 30 fps is a shutter speed of 1/60 second

30
Q

shutter angle is_____ and an ex. is _____

A

shutter angle is another way of expressing shutter speed, a 180 degree shutter is open half of each frame, so the shutter speed at 25 fps is 1/50

31
Q

use a ____ shutter speed for action, ____ shutter speed for dark scenes

A

quicker slower

32
Q

slow shutter speed, slower than frame rate can result in _____

A

motion blur good for dreamy special effect

33
Q

What are the two types of video sensor’s

A

CCD & CMOS

34
Q

CCD (stands for)

A

Charged Coupled Device

35
Q

CMOS (stands for)

A

Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

36
Q

Which sensor is the older and more mature technology (CCD or CMOS)

A

Charge Coupled Device

37
Q

What kind of sensor do mobile phones use

A

CMOS Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

38
Q

What is Peaking or Detail Adjustment

A

viewfinder helps you focus by adding white or colored edges around things SHARPLY in focus

39
Q

What is Zebra Indicator

A

highlights areas in frame that may be overexposed. Zebra can be set to preference.

40
Q

Scenes that are slightly ____-exposed are easier to fix in post than scenes that are ______exposed.

A

under exposed are easier to fix than over exposed.

41
Q

Downside of autoexposure

A

system doesn’t know what part of the scene you are interested in, it assumes the center

42
Q

What is Knee Point?

A

a less steep slope that extends the camera’s ability to capture bright highlights

43
Q

Our Eyes can __#___ of Stops. High End Cameras (Alexa & Sony F65) can see ____#___ of stops. Red says its Epic can capture ____#____ in HDR

A

Our eyes- 24 Stops Alexa - 14 Stops Red - 18 Stops

44
Q

Is it better to under or overexpose in video? Why?

A

under expose, once details are blown out you can’t recover them

45
Q

if you’re shooting a close up of a face - no part should read above or close to _____

A

100

46
Q

changing a stop will cause the exposure of mid tones to drop about ______%

A

20%

47
Q

What is White Balance

A

Process of adjusting your camera so it reproduces white accurately

48
Q

Each increase in ND Filters signifies _______

A

1 F-Stop. ND2x = (density) .03 - 1 Fstop Reduction ND4x = 0.6 - 2 Fstop reduction

49
Q

ND Filters are helpful if you want to shoot with a wider iris for a _______ (effect.)

A

Shallow Depth of Field

50
Q

ND Filters are also helpful if you want to maintain what detail?

A

sharpness

51
Q

Anamorphic Lenses

A

use a special element that squeezes a super-wide frame in .a shot that’s not as wide

JPaxTV Film Notes (10 decks)

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