CALM 2 Flashcards
fundamental units of structure and function – from microorganisms to the most gigantic of all living organisms.
cell
smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.
cell
Our bodies include more than ___ differentiated cell types that aggregate and interact to form the basic tissues.
290
Most cells are ___ cells (body cells) and are said to have two copies of the____ .
somatic ; genome (diploid)
__________which are sperm and egg cells, have one copy of the genome and are haploid.
Germ cells
______are diploid cells that divide to give rise to differentiated cells and replicate themselves in a process called___
Stem cells ; self-renewal.
Cells are composed of
macromolecules.
Provide energy and contribute to cell structure.
Carbohydrates (sugars and starches)
Forms the basis of some hormones, membranes, provides insulation, & stores energy.
Lipids (fats and oils)
Enables blood clotting, forms bulk of connective tissue
Proteins
catalyze biochemical reactions to sustain life.
Enzymes
Translate information from past generations into specific proteins that give a cell its characteristics.
Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA)
provide specialized functions for the cell.
Organelles
All cell types have a single nucleus, except for ___, which expel their nuclei as they mature.
RBCs
lies between the cell membrane and contains the organelles.
cytoplasm
gelatin-like aqueous fluid that contains salts, mineral and organic molecules.
cytosol
The most prominent organelle of cells
nucleus
genetic headquarter
nucleus
allow specific molecules to move in and out of the nucleus through the envelope.
Nuclear pores
Site of chemical reactions that transfer energy from organic compounds to ATP.
mitochondria
powerhouse of the cel
mitochondria
Has 2 membranes
smooth outer and inner membrane
Boundary between the mitochondria and the cytosol.
smooth outer membrane
Has many folds called Cristae, which enlarge the surface area for more chemical reactions.
inner membrane