Calf Heart - Heart Dissection (L2)

Question 1

Myocardium

Answer 1

The heart is composed mainly of cardiac muscle tissue called myocardium.

Question 2

Interior lining of the heart

Answer 2

A layer of endothelium tissue called endocardium.

Question 3

Casing of the heart

Answer 3

A membranous, fluid-filled sac, the parietal pericardium, that both anchors and protects it.

Question 4

Apex

Answer 4

Lower point of the heart —> <3

In dissection, should point to the left knee, as that is how the heart is oriented in the body.

Question 5

Mammalian heart chambers

Answer 5

2 atria (left and right) and 2 ventricles (left and right)

Question 6

Longitudinal sulcus

Answer 6

Thick, whitish strip of fat tissue that runs diagonally down the ventral surface of the heart toward the apex.

Roughly marks the position of the interventricular septum, the wall separating the right and left halves of the heart.

Question 7

Interventricular septum

Answer 7

The wall separating the right and left halves of the heart.

Question 8

Auricles

Answer 8

Two small, ear-like flaps on the upper surface of the right and left sides of the heart, which provide a reservoir of blood for the next atrial contraction.

Question 9

Coronary vessels

Answer 9

Course over the exterior of the heart.

Send branches into the myocardium, thereby supplying blood to the tissue of the heart itself.

Can be found in the longitudinal sulcus on the ventral side and in two descending branches on the dorsal side.

These vessels and their major branches are the ones that are subject to calcium and fatty deposits and consequent impedance of blood flow (can result in cardiac distress/need bypass surgery).

Question 10

Tricuspid valve

Answer 10

Tethered by the chordae tendinae, which attach the valve to mounds of muscle in the ventricular wall called the papillary muscles.

Question 11

Chordae tendinae

Answer 11

Tether the triscuspid valve to the papillary muscles.

Question 12

Papillary muscles

Answer 12

Contract with the rest of the ventricular muscle.

Question 13

Purkinje fibers

Answer 13

Thick bundle of muscle fibers carried by the moderator band, which relays the ventricular depolarization signal and prevents over distention.

Question 14

Superior and inferior venae cavae

Answer 14

Come into the right atrium dorsally. Very thin veins (which I believe help deliver nutrients to the body, but not sure and not in lab).

Inferior vena cava takes oxygen rich blood to the right atrium.

Question 15

Coronary sinus

Answer 15

Collecting vein for the deoxygenated blood which has finished serving the heart.

Question 16

Foramen ovale

Answer 16

Fetal shunt between the right and left atria, will be visible as a hole and two folds of cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 17

Pulmonary artery

Answer 17

Be able to identify

Question 18

Pulmonic semilunar valve

Answer 18

AKA right semilunar valve. Note the half-moon shape of the flaps that form it. Prevents backflow to the right ventricle.

Bowl-like cusps fill and meet to prevent reflux into the ventricles and to allow ejection of the ventricle’s contents.

Question 19

Ducus arteriosis

Answer 19

Connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, a fetal feature which will not have disappeared yet in the calf heart.

Question 20

Bicuspid valve

Answer 20

AKA mitral valve. Atrioventricular valve which separates the left atrium and ventricle.

Question 21

Left atrium and auricle

Answer 21

Be able to identify

Question 22

Pulmonary veins

Answer 22

Enter the left atrium, bringing oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Question 23

Aortic valve

Answer 23

AKA left semilunar valve. Supplies oxygenated blood to the heart

Question 24

Coronary artery

Answer 24

Opens behind two of the aortic valve’s cusps. Supply oxygenated blood to the heart.