Calculi

Question 1

What sex is affected more

Answer 1

Males

Question 2

What age is commonest with kidney stones in men

Answer 2

30

Question 3

What age are calculi more likely in women

Answer 3

35 and 55

Question 4

Symptoms of kidney stones

Answer 4

Renal pain (fixed in flank)

Ureteric colic (ureter pain which radiates to the groin)

Dysuria

haematuria

UTI

Loin pain

pyrexia

Question 5

Investigations for suspected kidney stone

Answer 5

Radiology

Blood tests to look for sign of infection

Serum calcium levels

24hr urine collection

Question 6

If serum calcium was high what should you check

Answer 6

Parathyroid hormone

Question 7

Gold standard for kidney stone imaging

Answer 7

CT KUB

Question 8

Indications for open kidney stone removal

Answer 8

Non functioning nephrotic kidney with complex stone

Question 9

Incision made in renal pelvis

Answer 9

Pyelolithotomy

Question 10

First line treatment for renal and uretic stones

Answer 10

E.S.W.L

Question 11

What is stone size limit for E.S.W.L

Answer 11

Stone larger than 2cm

Question 12

Max number of E.S.W.L attempts

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What type of stones if E.S.W.L not effective against

Answer 13

Cystine stones