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Calculations Flashcards

(102 cards)

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1
Q

1 lb = _______ oz = _________ g (weight conversion)

A

16 oz; 454g

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2
Q

1 gal = ______ qt = _______ pints

A

4 quarts; 8 pints

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3
Q

1 quart = __________ pints

A

2 pints

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4
Q

1 tbsp = ________ tsp = ________mL

A

3 tsp; 15 mL

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5
Q

1 tsp = ________mL

A

5 mL

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6
Q

1 cup = ______ oz = ________mL

A

8 oz; 236.56 mL (approximately: 240mL)

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7
Q

1 pint = ______ cups = ________ oz = ______mL

A

cups; 16 oz; 473mL (approximately: 480mL

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8
Q

1 quart = ________ pints = ______ oz = ______mL

A

2 pints; 32 oz; 946mL (approximately: 950mL)

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9
Q

1 gallon = ______ quarts = _______ oz = _______mL

A

4 quarts; 128 oz; 3,785mL (approximately: 3,840mL)

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10
Q

1 gr = ________mg

A

64.8 mg (approximately 65mg)

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11
Q

1 oz = __________ g = _____mL

A

28.35 g; 30mL

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12
Q

1 kg = _________ lb = ________g

A

2.2 lb; 1000g

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13
Q

1 inch = ________ cm

A

2.54 cm

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14
Q

1 meter = _______ cm

A

100 cm

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15
Q

1 L = _______mL

A

1000 mL

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16
Q

1 mg = _________mcg

A

1000 mcg

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17
Q

1 cc = ______mL

A

1 mL

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18
Q

1 g = _________mg

A

1000mg

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19
Q

Insulin U-100 = _________ IU/mL

A

100 international units/mL

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20
Q

Opthalamic and otic drops: 1mL = _________gtts unless stated otherwise

A

20 gtts

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21
Q

Degrees Celcius = _________

A

(Degrees F - 32) x 5/9

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22
Q

Degrees Fahrenheit= ____________

A

(Degrees C x 9/5) + 32

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23
Q

Time to Burn (TTB) with sunscreen in min = ___________________

A

SPF x TTB (without sunscreen)

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24
Q

W/V %

A

Weight of solute (g) / volume of solution (mL) x 100%

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25
V/V %
Volume of solute (mL) / volume of solution (mL) x 100%
26
W/W %
Weight of solute (g) / weight of solution (g) x 100%
27
Mostellar Formula (BSA calculation)
BSA in m2 = square root [(ht in cm x weight kg) /3600] OR BSA in m2 = square root [(ht in in x weight in lb) / 3131]
28
Dilution Calculation
C1 x V1 = C2 x V2 C1 = initial concentration V1 = initial volume C2 = final concentration V2 = final volume
29
Infusion Rates
Rate of infusion = volume of fluid / time of infusion Ex. mL/min, mL/hr, gtts/mL
30
Ratios: how to determine 1 part of ____%
Proportions Ex. what is 1 part of 35%? 35% / 100% = 1 part / X
31
Ratios: how many parts for each drug
Add total parts then proportion Ex. drug A / drug B ratio = 3:5 -Total parts = 8 -Drug A = 3/8 -Drug B = 5/8
32
Alligations
Used to prepare a concentration of solution NOT commercially available Higher % solution parts Desired % Lower % solution parts 1. Determine total # of parts by adding together -Take higher % - Desired % = total parts of lower % -Take lower percent - Desired % = total parts of higher % -Add lower and higher parts together = total 2. Set up proportion using parts of each concentration -Ex. Amount of higher solution % = parts higher solution / total parts x total volume needed
33
Parts Per Million
PPM = grams of solute / grams of solution x 1,000,000 Solution = solute + solvent Ex. 50 PPM = 50 parts / 1,000,000 Short-cut: -PPM to percentage: move decimal LEFT four places -Percentage to PPM: move decimal RIGHT four places
34
Specific Gravity
Specific gravity = (weight of substance / weight of equal volume of water) = (density of substance / density of standard) = ____g/mL Density of water = 1000kg/m^3 Weight = density x volume
35
Normal Saline (NS) = _________%
0.9% (w/v)
36
1/2 NS = _________%
0.45% (w/v)
37
D5W = __________%
5% (w/v) dextrose in water
38
D10W = ___________
10% (w/v) dextrose in water
39
D5NS = ________% and _________% in water
5% dextrose and 0.9% NaCl in water
40
_____ g NaCl in 500mL of 0.9% NaCl
4.5 g
41
Conversion from theophylline to aminophylline and vice versa
Theophylline to Aminophylline: divide by 0.8 Aminophylline to theophylline: multiply by A ("ATM" = A to T multiply)
42
Metoprolol: IV to PO ratio
1: 2.5 Ex. 10mg IV metoprolol = 25mg PO metoprolol
43
Furosemide: IV to PO ratio
1:2 Ex. 20mg IV furosemide = 40mg PO furosemide **OTHER loop diuretics are just 1:1 ratios
44
Ethacrynic acid ___mg = Furosemide ____mg = Torsemide ____mg = Bumetanide ____mg
Ethacrynic acid 50mg = Furosemide 40mg = Torsemide 20mg = Bumetanide 1mg
45
Levothyroxine: IV to PO ratio
0.75:1 Ex. 75mcg IV levothyroxine = 100mcg PO levothyroxine
46
Cortisone ____mg = Hydrocortisone ____mg = Prednisone ___mg = Prednisolone ____mg = Methylprednisolone _____mg = Triamcinolone ____mg = Dexamethasone _____mg = Betamethasone ____mg
Cortisone 25mg = Hydrocortisone 20mg = Prednisone 5mg = Prednisolone 5mg = Methylprednisolone 4mg = Triamcinolone 4mg = Dexamethasone 0.75mg = Betamethasone 0.6mg
47
Lithium citrate syrup 5mL = _______mg of lithium carbonate = ____mEq Li+
300mg; 8 mEq
48
Calcium carbonate = _______% elemental Ca++
40%
49
Calcium citrate = _______% elemental Ca++
21%
50
Calcium acetate = _______% elemental Ca++
35%
51
pH = _______________________ How to interpret pH and pKa
pKa + log [base/acid] or pKa + log [salt/acid] or pKa + long [base/salt] pH > pKa: more acid is ionzied pH = pKa: equal amounts of ionized and un-inonized forms pH < pKa: more of conguate base is ionized Most drugs: WEAK ACIDS **When given pKb, pH = pKw (14) - pKb
52
% Ionization (weak acid) = ________________
100 / [1+10^(pka-pH)]
53
% Ionization (weak base) = _____________
100 / [1+10^(pH-pka)]
54
Anion Gap (AG) = _____________________ -What are typical levels? -What is the corrected formula if albumin is out of range? -Causes of anion gap (CUTE DIMPLES)?
AG = Na - (Cl + HCO3) Normal levels: 8-16 (Considered high when >12) Corrected AG = AG + [ 2.5 x (4-albumin)] CUTE DIMPLES: -C: Cyanide -U: Uremeia -T: Touline -E: Ethanol (alcoholic ketoacidosis) -D: Diabetic ketoacidosis -I: Isonazid -M: Methanol -P: Propylene glycol -L: Lactic acidosis -E: Ethylene glycol -S: SalicylatesF
55
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG): 1. pH > _________ = alkalosis 2. pH <_________ = acidosis 3. In respiratory, a pCO2 <_____ indicates alkalosis, while a pCO2 > _______ indicates acidosis. 4. In metabolic, a HCO3 >_____ indicates alkalosis, while a HCO3 <_______ indicates acidosis.
Acidosis: pH <7.35 Alkalosis: pH >7.45 Respiratory: -Acidosis: pCO2 > 45 -Alkalosis: pCO2 <35 Metabolic: -Acidosis: HCO3 <22 -Alkalosis: HCO3 > 26 ABG: pH / pCO2 / pO2 / HCO3 / O2 stat
56
Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) = _____________________________________________
WBC IN CELLS/MM3 x (segmented neutrophils% + segmentedbands%) / 100
57
Osmolarity Gap = _________________________ -What are typical levels? -When might osmolar gap be evaluated?
Osmolarity Gap = measured osmolarity - calculated osmolarity Calculated osmolarity = 2(serum Na) + (glucose/18) + (BUN/2.3) + (ethanol/4.6) Normal levels: around 10 Osmolar gap identifies unmeasured osmols to resolve underlying insults (ex. toxic alcohol ingestions)
58
Osmolarity (mOsmol/L) = ________________ mOsmoles = ________________
Osmolarity: measure of total particles/solution [wt of substance (g/L) / MW (g/mole)] x # of particles x 1,000 of Particles: -Dextrose, mannitol = 1 -KCl, NaCl, NaC2H302, MgSO4 = 2 -CaCl2 = 3 -Na3C6H5O7 (Na citrate) = 4 **MilliOsmoles: same equation EXCEPT weight of substance in grams NOT g/L
59
Isotonicity (E) = _________________________
[58.5 x i] / [MW of drug x 1.8] Dissociation factor (or ionization): i -If # of dissociated ions = 1, then i = 1 -Any other more ions after that, +0.8 (ex. 2 = 1.8, 3 = 2.6, 4 = 3.4) 1. Calculate total amount of NaCl needed for final product - 0.9% NS x desired volume 2. Calculate the amount of NaCl represented by the drug - total drug amount (g or mg) x E 3. Subtract step 2 from step 1 to determine total NaCl needed to prepare
60
Moles (mols) = ___________________________
g / MW **For monovalent species, mmol = mEq
61
Millimoles (mmols) = ____________________
mg / MW **For monovalent species, mmol = mEq
62
Milliequivalents (mEq) = __________________
[mg x valence] / MW or mmols x valence Measures an electrolyte's chemical activity according to valence and their dissociation ability in liquid Valence: -Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), KCl, potassium gluconate (KC6H11O7), sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), NaCl: valence = 1 -CaCo3, CaCl2, ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), MgSO4: valence = 2
63
KCl 10% = ___________________________________
20 mEq / 15mL
64
Corrected calcium = ________________
Corrected Ca++ = measured Ca + [0.8 x (4-albumin g/dL)
65
Determining general fluid needs: when a person weighs >20kg, what is the general equation?
1,500mL + [20mL x (weight in kg - 20)] Can be estimated by about 30-40 mL/kg/day
66
Ideal Body Weight (IBW)
Men = 50 + [2.3 x (every inch >60 inches)] Women = 45.5 + [2.3 x (every inch >60 inches)] **If someone is under 5 feet Men = 50 + [2.3 x (every inch <60 inches)] Women = 45.5 - [2.3 x (every inch <60 inches)]
67
Adjusted Body Weight (Adjusted BW)
Adjusted BW = IBW + [0.4 x (TBW-IBW)] **IBW = Ideal Body Weight **TBW = Total Body Weight
68
Creatinine Clearance (Cockcroft-Gault)
CrCl = (140 - age) / [(72 x SCr) x weight in kg)] x 0.85 if female **Use adjusted BW if actual body weight is >130% IBW
69
A BUN/SCr ratio > ____:____ suggests dehydration.
>20:1
70
Body Mass Index (BMI)
BMI = (weight in kg) / (height in m2) OR BMI = (weight in lb / height in in2) x 703 BMI Readings: -Less than 18.5: Underweight -18.5-24.9: Normal weight -25-29.9: Overweight -30-34.9: Obese -Over 35: Morbidly obese
71
For the following drugs/scenarios, determine which type of weight should be used for the calculation (TBW, IBW, AdjustedBW): 1. Underweight individuals in all drugs 2. Normal weight or obese in most drugs 3. Acyclovir, Aminophylline, Levothyroxine, Theophylline (normal weight or obese) 4. Aminogylcosides (obese)
1. TBW 2. TBW 3. IBW 4. AdjustedBW
72
Protein and Carbs = _____kcal/g
4 **For protein, ALWAYS 4 kcal/g regardless of EN or PN
73
Dextrose = _________kcal/g Glycerol/glycerin = _____kcal/g
3.4; 4.3
74
Fat = __________kcal/g in enteral nutrition
9
75
Intravenous Lipid Emulsions (ILE): 1. ILE 10% = _______kcal/mL 2. ILE 20% = ______kcal/mL 3. ILE 30% = ______kcal/mL
10%: 1.1 kcal/mL 20%: 2 kcal/mL 30%: 3 kcal/mL
76
Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) = _________________________________________
BEE (Basal Energy Expenditure) x activity factor x stress **BEE estimation if equation NOT provided: 15-25kcal/kg/day in adults **BEE and TEE units are kcal/day
77
Nitrogen in g = ________________________ How to calculate non-protein calories to nitrogen ratio
protein intake (g) / 6.25 Non-protein calories to nitrogen ratio: =kcal from all non-protein sources / g of nitrogen -150:1 = unstressed patient -100:1 = severely stressed patient -80:1 = most severely stressed patient
78
Bioavailability (F) = ________________________
F = 100% x [(PO AUC / IV AUC) x (IV dose / PO dose)]
79
Volume of Distribution (Vd) = ___________
Cl / K or Amount of drug in body / concentration of drug in plasma
80
Half-life (T1/2) = _______________________
0.693 / k
81
Clearance (CL) = __________________________
Cl = F x dose / AUC or Cl = K x Vd
82
Predicting Drug Concentrations: C2 = ___________________________________ K = _______________________________________
C2 = C1 x e^-kt K = [ln (C1/C2)] / t
83
Loading Dose (LD) = _____________________
[Desired concentration x Vd] / F
84
Corrected phenytoin (mcg/mL)= ___________________
Phenytoin measured/ [(albumin x0.2) + 0.1] **For renal disease, change 0.2 to 0.1 **Used for when albumin <3.5
85
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) = _____________________________________________
[2 x DBP + SBP] / 3
86
Friedewald Equation: LDL = _____________________________________________
TC - HDL - (TG / 5) **do NOT use if TG > 400
87
Minimum Weighable Quantity (MWQ) Equation for compounding
MWQ = sensitivity replacement / acceptable rate error (usually 0.05)
88
Pack-year smoking hx = _________________
Cigarette packs/day x years smoked
89
Initiating basal-bolus insulin in T1DM
1. Calculate total daily dose (TDD) of 0.5 units/kg/day using TBW 2. Divide into 1/2 basal and 1/2 rapid-acting 3. Split rapid acting among meals
90
Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio: What rules are used for regular versus rapid-acting insulin?
Rule of 450: 450 / TDD of insulin = grams of carbohydrates covered by 1 unit of REGULAR insulin Rule of 500: 500 / TDD of insulin = grams of carbohydrates covered by 1 unit of RAPID-acting insulin
91
Correction factors for regular and rapid-acting insulin
1,500 Rule: 1,500 / TDD of insulin = correction factor for 1 unit of REGULAR insulin 1,800 Rule: 1,800/ / TDD of insulin = correction factor for 1 unit of RAPID-acting insulin Correction Dose for Insulin: [BG currently taken - target BG] / correction factor
92
General insulin conversion ratios
Typically 1:1 Exceptions: -NPH dosed BID: converting to glargine, use 80% of NPH dose -Toujeo (insulin glargine) to other forms of glargine or detemir: use 80% of Toujeo dose
93
Risk = ___________________________(Biostats)
# of subjects in group with UNFAVORABLE event / total # of subjects of subjects in group with UNFAVORABLE event / total # of subjects
94
Relative Risk (RR) = ________________________
Risk in TX group / Risk in control group
95
Relative Risk Reduction (RRR) = ____________________________________________
[% of risk in control group - % of risk in TX group] / % risk in control group
96
Absolute Risk Reduction = _______________
% risk in control group - % risk in TX group
97
Number Needed to Treat (NNT) or Number Needed to Harm (NNH) = __________________________________________
1 / ARR (Absolute Risk Reduction)
98
Odds Ratio = ____________________________
[Outcome present with exposure present x Outcome absent with exposure absent] / [Outcome absent with exposure present x Outcome present with exposure absent]
99
Hazard Ratio (HR) = _____________________
Hazard rate in TX group / Hazard rate in control group
100
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio -How to interpret?
[C2 - C1] / [E2 -E1] C = costs E = effects Value positive: "Drug B costs $X per treatment than Drug A" Value negative: "Drug B costs $X less per treatment than Drug A"
101
K, Na, and other monovalent ions: 1 mEq = ________mmol
1 mmol
102
Ca++ and other divalent ions: 1 mEq = ______ mmol
0.5 mmol

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