Calculations

Question 1

A unit operation is exemplified by the process of

Answer 1

Desorption

Question 2

To get the moles of gas in an ORSAT analyzer, it is absorbed using different solutions.
The best solvent to absorb:
1. CO2 is ______
2. O2 is ________
3. CO is _________

Answer 2

1. KOH (Potasium hydroxide)
2. Alkaline pyrogallol solution
3. Cuprous Oxide

Question 3

It measures the amount of octane in mixture.

Answer 3

Octane Number

Question 4

Formula of Diesel.

Answer 4

C10H20 to C15H28

The average chemical formula for common diesel fuel is C12H23.

Diesel is made up of 25% aromatic hydrocarbons like alkyl benzenes and naphthalene and 75% saturated hydrocarbons like paraffin

Question 5

Octane/Cetane number formula

Answer 5

Cetane No. = Vol C8H18 / (Vol C8H18 + Vol C7H16)

Question 6

O2 Theo formula

Answer 6

O2, Theo = C + H/4 + S - O2

(in fuel)

O2, theo = O2, supply - O2, xs

Question 7

O2, XS formula (shortcut)

Answer 7

O2, free = O2, xs + CO/2 + H2/2

O2, free = O2, xs + O2, unreacted
O2, free = O2, xs + (1-conv.)(O2, theo)

Question 8

O2, XS formula
(O2, Theo)

Answer 8

O2, XS = O2, theo (%XS)
or
O2, XS = O2, supp - O2, theo

Question 9

Products of Complete Combustion

Answer 9

CO2
H2O
N2
O2, free (if w/ XS)
(SO2)

Question 10

Products of Incomplete Combustion

Answer 10

CO2
CO
N2
O2, free
H2O
(SO2)
(SO3)

Question 11

Products of Combustion with XS O2

Answer 11

CO2
N2
O2 free
H2O

Question 12

Proximate Analysis

is the volatization of solid fuels

Answer 12

M - VCM - FC - Ash

Question 13

Modified Proximate Analysis

Answer 13

M - CW - net H - N - S - C - Ash

Question 14

Ultimate Analysis

Answer 14

H - O - N - S - C - Ash

Question 15

Calderwood Equation

Answer 15

C = 5.88 +
2.206(CV - 0.094S)
+ 0.0053|80 - 100 (VCM/FC)|^1.55

CV = MJ/kg

Question 16

Dulong Formula

Answer 16

CV = 0.338C + 1.44net H + 0.094S
or
net H = H,total - O/8

Question 17

Formula for H in Ultimate Analysis

Answer 17

H = net H + (M+CW)(2/18)

Question 18

Formula for O in Ultimate Analysis

Answer 18

O = (M + CW)(16/18)

Question 19

Uncoked Coal

Answer 19

(VCM/FC)gc = (VCM/FC)refuse

Question 20

Coked Coal

Answer 20

No VCM in Refuse
Ash and FC only

Question 21

Combination of Coke and Uncoked

Answer 21

(VCM/FC)gc ≠ (VCM/FC)refuse

Question 22

Classification or Ranking of Coal

Page in HB

Answer 22

P 24-4

Question 23

Classification or Ranking of Coal

Page in HB

Answer 23

P 24-4

Question 24

Gross Calorific Value

Answer 24

Higher Heating Value

(H2O, liquid)

Question 25

O2 supply formula

Answer 25

1. Ratio and Proportion with N2
2. O2, supply= O2, Theo (1+%XS)

Question 26

Analysis of VCM

Answer 26

CW
net H
N
S
C in VCM

C in VCM = Total C - FC

Question 27

CV in fuel

Answer 27

CV, fuel = CV, FC + CV, VCM

CV, FC = 33. 8 MJ/kg (constant)

multiply to their given mass to balance and to avoid getting negative CV, VCM value.