Calculation Of Doses : General Considerations Flashcards
quantitative amount administered or taken by a patient for the intended medicinal effect.
Dose
amount taken at one time.
Single Dose
amount taken during the course of therapy.
Daily Dose/Total Dose
schedule of dosing.
Dosage Regimen
Example of Dosage Regimen
QID for 10 days
amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect intended in the adult patient.
Usual Adult Dose
amount that ordinarily produces the medicinal effect intended in infant or child patient.
Usual Pediatric Dose
quantitative amounts of the drug that may be prescribed within the guidelines of usual medical practice.
Usual Dosage Range
amount that produces the desired intensity of effect in 50% of the individuals tested.
Median Effective Dose
amount that produces toxic effects in 50% of the individuals tested.
Median Toxic Dose
Other term for Loading Dose
Priming Dose
larger-than- usual initial dose may be required to achieve the desired blood drug level.
Loading Dose
minimum concentration to produce the drug’s desired effects in a patient.
Median Effective Concentration (MEC)
concentration that produces dose-related toxic effects.
Minimum Toxic Concentration (MTC)
Primary Drug Treatment
Monotherapy
Additional to or supportive of a different primary treatment.
Adjunctive Therapy
Administered to protect the patient from contracting a specific disease.
Prophylactic Doses
Example of Prophylactic Doses
Vaccines
What does dosage forms contain?
Pharmaceutical ingredients
What does pharmaceutical ingredients do?
- Provides physical features
- Stability Requirements
- Aesthetic Characteristics desiredfor optimal therapeutic dffects
Enumerate Examples of Pharmaceutical Ingredients:
Solvents
Vehicles
Stabilizer
Solubilizers
Binders
Fillers
Disintegrants
Flavorants
Colorants
What is the measuring device for that FDA stated that is not appropriate for giving medicines to children?
Kitchen teaspoon or Tablespoon
Formula of number of doses?
Number of Doses = Total Quantity/Size of Dose
Formula for Size of Dose
Size of Dose = Total Quantity/Number of Dozes
Formula for total quantity
Total quantity = # of dose x size of dose
If 1 tablespoon is prescribed as the dose, approximately how many doses will be contained in 1 pint of the medicine?
31.5 or 31 dose
How many teaspoonfuls would be prescribed in each dose of an elixir if 180 mL contained 18 doses?
2 teaspoonfuls
How many milliliters of a liquid medicine would provide a patient with 2 tablespoonfuls twice a day for 8 days?
480 mL
The administration of doses that are much smaller than the usual dose of a drug.
LOW-DOSE THERAPY
Examples of Low-Dose Therapy
- Aspirin 8 mg rather than 325 mg usual dose
- Low-dose oral contraceptive use
- Low-dose postmenopausal hormone therapy.
administration of doses that are much larger than the usual dose of a drug.
HIGH-DOSE THERAPY
Examples of High-Dose Therapy
- Chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer
- High-Dose of Progestin for endometriosis
- High-dose influenza vaccination for elderly
If a patient is changed from a daily standard-dose postmenopausal product containing 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogens (CE) to a low-dose formulation containing 0.35 mg CE, how many milligrams less of CE would the patient take per week?
1.925 mg Conjugated Estrogens
Products containing ____ or more ____________ ______ in Fixed Dose Combinations
Two, Therapeutic Agents
Tell me if it is advantages or disadvantages of fixed-dosed combination.
“Two or more needed drugs may be taken in a single dose”
Advantages
Tell me if it is advantages or disadvantages of fixed-dosed combination.
“Convenient, enhance compliance, less expensive”
Advantages
Tell me if it is advantages or disadvantages of fixed-dosed combination.
“Relative inflexibility in dosing compared with individual drug dosing”
Disadvantages
A number of tablets are ________ , or _______, to allow breaking into approximately equal pieces (usually halves).
Scored or Grooved
This allows dosage flexibility,particularly when a patient is started at a half dose and then is titrated up to a full dosage level.
Tablet Splitting and Crushing
It also enables a patient to take a product at a strength that is not otherwise available.
Tablet Splitting and Crushing
