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Endocrine > Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium > Flashcards

Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption occurs in the ______

A

GI tract

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2
Q

Reabsorption occurs in the _____

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

Resorption occurs in the _____

A

Bone

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4
Q

Calcium is found in 3 main compartments:
Q

A

Skeleton (99%)

Soft tissues (0.9%)

Extracellular fluid (0.1%)

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5
Q

55% of calcium in blood is _______

A

Ionized calcium aka the active form of calcium

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6
Q

40% of calcium in blood is protein bound to ______

A

Albumin

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7
Q

calcium is a sodium channel ______

A

Antagonist

Calcium blocks sodium from getting into cells which blocks depolarization of that cell membrane

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8
Q

Striated muscle needs _______ calcium

A

Intracellular

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9
Q

Neurons and smooth muscle need ________

A

Extracellular calcium

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10
Q

In low pH, calcium binding to albumin is _______ and as a result plasma calcium concentration is ______

A

Decreased

Increased

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11
Q

In high pH, calcium binding to albumin is ______ and as a result plasma calcium is _______

A

Increased

Decreased

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12
Q

Acidosis can falsely _____ serum calcium levels

A

Increase

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13
Q

A decrease in plasma protein causes a decrease in total plasma calcium but ionized calcium remains normal. What is this called?

A

Pseudohypocalcemia

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14
Q

Where is most calcium absorbed?

A

Proximal 1/2 of small intestine

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15
Q

Oxalate, phosphate, phytate are diet elements that can _______ calcium absorption

A

Decrease!

(Via chelation)

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16
Q

Calcium absorption is _______ and ________

A

Paracellular and transcellular

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17
Q

Paracellular absorption is:

  1. Passive
  2. __________ dependent

3.______________

  1. Occurs between cells
A

Concentration

Non-saturable

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18
Q

Transcellular absorption is:

  1. Active, regulated; _______ is needed
  2. ____________
  3. Concentration independent
  4. Occurs through cells
A

Transporter

Saturable

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19
Q

Hypoalbuminemia causes _________

A

Pseudohypocalcemia

Check ionized calcium!

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20
Q

3 steps for calcium absorption:

  1. Apical entry
  2. _______ diffusion
  3. _________ extrusion
A

Cytoplasmic

Basolateral

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21
Q

Calcium is excreted via 5 main routes:

A

Fecal, renal, fetal, milk, sweat

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22
Q

Calcium ______ occurs in the kidneys

A

Reabsorption

23
Q

_____% of calcium is reabsorbed in the _____ ______ of the kidneys via ______ mechanisms

A

70

Proximal tubules

Paracellular

24
Q

20% of calcium is reabsorbed in the _____ _____ __ ______ via Paracellular mechanisms.

A

Thick ascending loop of henle

25
Q

5-10% of calcium is reabsorbed in the ______ _____ of the kidneys via transcellular mechanisms.

A

Distal tubules

26
Q

Calcium is regulated by 4 hormones:

A

PTH, Calcitonin, vitamin d, PTHrP

27
Q

3 body system regulate calcium along with calcium sensing receptors:

A

Kidney, intestine, bone

28
Q

Phosphorus concentrations and ALP are ________ in young growing animals

A

Increased

This is NORMAL!

29
Q

Phosphorus is found in 3 main compartments:

A

Skeleton (85%)

Soft Tissues (15%)

Extracellular fluid (0.1%)

30
Q

In blood, phosphorus is found in 2 forms:

A

Organic (70%) and inorganic (30%)

31
Q

______ Phosphorus is what we measure clinically

A

Inorganic

32
Q

In plasma, phosphorus has 3 forms:

A

Ionized (40-50%)

Complexed with cations (30-40%)

Protein bound (albumin, 1-15%)

33
Q

Most phosphorus absorption occurs in the

A

Distal small intestine and large intestine

34
Q

How much of dietary phosphorus is absorbed?

A

20-60%

35
Q

Phosphorus absorption is ________ and requires ____ as a cotransporter

A

Transcellular, Na+

36
Q

Phosphorus is excreted in 5 main ways:

A

Fecal, fetal, milk, kidneys, sweat

37
Q

Phosphorus reabsorption in the kidneys is regulated by:

A

PTH, FGF-23, vitamin D

38
Q

Phosphorus reabsorption in the kidneys is ______ dependent

A

Na+

39
Q

80% of phosphorus is reabsorbed in the

A

Proximal tubules

(Via transcellular mechanisms)

40
Q

5 hormones that regulate phosphorus:

A

PTH, Vitamin D (calcitriol), calcitonin, FGF-23, insulin

41
Q

Magnesium behaves similarly to:

A

Calcium

(Close to each other on period table)

42
Q

Magnesium is in 3 main body compartments:

A

Skeleton (60%)

Soft tissues (38%)

Extracellular fluid (2%)

43
Q

In blood plasma, 60% of magnesium is ______ , 30% is ______ _______, and 10% is _________ ___ _______

A

Ionized (active form)

Protein bound to albumin

Complexed to anions (lactate, bicarbonate, phosphate)

44
Q

Any process that requires energy will also require

A

Magnesium

45
Q

PTH synthesis and PTH receptor activation requires what ion?

A

Mg2+

46
Q

Most absorption of magnesium occurs in small intestine except for in ruminants where absorption occurs in the

A

Rumen

47
Q

Dietary magnesium absorption is decreased by other increases in dietary elements such as:

A

Phosphates, oxalates, fatty acids

48
Q

Magnesium absorption is ______ and _______

A

Paracellular and transcellular

49
Q

Magnesium is excreted in 5 main ways:

A

Fecal, renal, fetal, milk, sweat

50
Q

Reabsorption of magnesium in the kidneys is ________ and _______

A

Transcellular and Paracellular

51
Q

60% of magnesium is reabsorbed in the ____ ____ __ ___

A

Ascending loop of henle

Via Paracellular mechanisms

52
Q

20% of magnesium is reabsorbed in the _____ ______ via _____ mechanisms

A

Proximal tubules

Paracellular

53
Q

Insulin pushes magnesium ____ ______

A

Inside cells

54
Q

Calcium is _____ _____ IV

A

Clotting factor

Endocrine (7 decks)

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