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Endocrine 1 > Calcium Metabolism > Flashcards

Calcium Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Hormones involved in Calcium Metabolism?

A

Parathyroid Hormone
Calcistat
Calcitonin
Vitamin D(calcitriol)

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2
Q

What form is PTH in when it is synthesized?

A

prepro-PTH (115AA) in the robosomes =>
pro-PTH lacking 25AAs in the ER =>
PTH in secretory granules in the Golgi complex

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3
Q

What is the effect of Leukotrienes and Vitamin D on PTH?

A

PTH is degraded by LTs and supressed by mRNA

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4
Q

What cell types have Ca recpetors on the surface?

A

Parathyroid chief cells
Thyroidal C cells
Kidney Tubules

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5
Q

What are the 2 signaling pathways used by PTH?

A

AC Pathway

PLC Pathway

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6
Q

What are the AC and PLC pathways?

A

…

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7
Q

How is Ca Reabsorbed by the kidney?

A

PTH opens Ca channel in the Apical membrane,
Calbindin binds to ICellular Ca.
Ca ATPase pulls Ca through the Basolateral membrane.

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8
Q

What is the effect of PTH on Ca?

A

Stimulates Bone Reabsorption

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9
Q

What are the causes of Hyperparathyroidism?

A

PT GLand enlargement
PT adenoma/CA
Chronic Renal Failure

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10
Q

What are the Sx of Hyper PTH?

A 
Increased Plasma Ca
Increased Urine Ca
Dec plasma Phos
Renal Osteodystrophy
Kidney Stones!
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11
Q

What are the Sx and causes of Hypo PTH?

A 
Caused by Surgical Removal of PT glands
Sx: Low plasma Ca
Inc Plasma Phos
Impact on muscle and nerves resulting in Tetany
Tx: Ca supplement and Vit D
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12
Q

What from of Vitamin D is created by the Human Body?
In animals?
In plants?

A 
Vitamin D3(cholecalciferol) in animals too (Diet)
Vitamin D2(ergocalciferol) in plants
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13
Q

WHat is the transporter of Vitamin D?

A

Vit D Binding Protein

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14
Q

What is the Circulating form of Vitamin D?

A

25-Hydroxyvitamin D

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15
Q

Waht hormone is responsible for Ca entry into the Enterocytes?

A

TRPV6

Transient receptor potential vanilloid channel type 6

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16
Q

Waht hormone is responsible for Ca Exit out of the Enterocytes?

A

PMCA
Plasma membrane calcium Ca ATPase

NCX-
Na/Ca Exchanger
Regulated by Calcitriol

17
Q

What are the effects of Calcitriol on the body?

A

Stimulates renal Ca2+ reabsorption (activates Ca2+ ATPase and controls calbindin-D28K)
Stimulates bone Remodeling (inc osteoclast formation)

18
Q

What are the effects of ExcessVitamin D?

A

Calcinosis
Deposition of Ca and Phos in kidney(stones)
Increased plasma Ca levels

19
Q

What are the causes of Deficient Vitamin D?

A

Lack of sunlight
Mutations
Increased metabolism of Vit D

20
Q

What is caused by Deficient Vitamin D?

A 
Bone deformities
Rickets in kids
Osteomalacia in adults
Bowing
Dental defects
Hypocalcemia
increased serum alk phos
Osteoporosis
21
Q

What cell types synthesize Calcitonin?

A

C cells of thyroid

22
Q

What are the effects of Calcitonin on the body?

A

Inhibits bone resorption
Increases urinary Ca excretion
Inhibits osteoclast mediated bone resorption

23
Q

What is the effect of Lack of sunlight on bone and Ca?

A

Decreses intestinal Ca absorption.

Endocrine 1 (15 decks)

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