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Nephrology > Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate > Flashcards

Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate Flashcards

1
Q

A state of high H+ ions (such as in acidosis) will (increase/decrease) serum calcium levels

A

A state of high H+ ions (such as in acidosis) will increase serum calcium
* This is because more H+ will bind to albumin instead of Ca2+, leaving more free Ca2+

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2
Q

Low H+ is associated with (more/less) free Ca2+

A

Low H+ is associated with less free Ca2+

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3
Q

Hypercalcemia may present with polyuria due to _

A

Hypercalcemia may present with polyuria due to resistance to ADH (nephrogenic DI)

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4
Q

Hypomagnesemia can cause (hypocalcemia/hypercalcemia)

A

Hypomagnesemia can cause hypocalcemia
* Low Mg2+ inhibits the release of Ca2+

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5
Q

CKD and pancreatitis are conditions which can cause (hypocalcemia/hypercalcemia)

A

CKD and pancreatitis are conditions which can cause hypocalcemia
* We activate vitamin D in the PCT

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6
Q

Tetany and seizures can present with (hypo/hyper) calcemia

A

Tetany and seizures can present with hypocalcemia
* Trousseau’s sign (hand spasm), Chvostek’s sign (face spasm)

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7
Q

Hypocalcemia is associated with _ changes on EKG

A

Hypocalcemia is associated with prolonged QT interval

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8
Q

For treatment of hypocalcemia, in addition to administering calcium, we must also give _ and _

A

For treatment of hypocalcemia, in addition to administering calcium, we must also give magnesium and vitamin D

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9
Q

Magnesium has a direct effect on potassium levels by _

A

Magnesium has a direct effect on potassium levels by blocking ROMK channels

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10
Q

(Hypo/Hyper) kalemia persists in the setting of hypomagnesemia

A

Hypokalemia persists in the setting of hypomagnesemia

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11
Q

High magnesium and very low magnesium both decrease calcium levels by _

A

High magnesium and very low magnesium both decrease calcium levels by inhibiting PTH

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12
Q

Decreased deep tendon reflexes are associated with _ electrolyte abnormality

A

Decreased deep tendon reflexes are associated with hypermagnesemia

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13
Q

Tetany is associated with (hypermagnesium/hypomagnesium)

A

Tetany is associated with hypomagnesemia

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14
Q

Torsades de pointes is a complication of (hypo/hyper) magnesemia

A

Torsades de pointes is a complication of hypomagnesemia

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15
Q

Hypermagnesemia can cause _ changes on EKG

A

Hypermagnesemia can cause prolonged PR, QRS, and QT

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16
Q

Hypoparathyroidism is a primary cause of (hyper/hypo) phosphatemia

A

Hypoparathyroidism is a primary cause of hyperphosphatemia

17
Q

Causes of hypophosphatemia

A

Causes of hypophosphatemia:
* Hyperparathyroidism
* Refeeding syndrome
* Fanconi syndrome

18
Q

Hypophosphatemia may present with _

A

Hypophosphatemia may present with weakness, bone loss, osteomalacia/rickets

Nephrology (16 decks)

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