Calcifying and ossifying disorders of the skin

Question 1

Name 5 major types of cutaneous calcification

Answer 1

Question 2

Discuss cutaneous ossification

Answer 2

Question 3

Discuss dystrophic calcification

Answer 3

Question 4

Name other reasons for dystrophic calcification

Answer 4

1) heel sticks
2) intramuscular injection
3) surgical/burn scars
4) kelloids

Question 5

Genetic disorders that accompany calcification

Answer 5

Question 6

Describe metastatic calcification

Answer 6

Question 7

Tabulate disorders of cutanoeus calcification

Answer 7

Question 8

Describe mixed calcification and name one exampl

Answer 8

calcium dysregulation -> propogated by trauma

Question 9

Describe the pathogenesis and clinical features of calciphylaxis

Answer 9

1) intimal fibrosis + medial vascular calcification + transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells into osteoblast-like cells (stimulated by BMP)
2) above + thrombosis -> ischemic necrosis of the skin and soft tissue
3) Poorly demarcated, painful patches of erythema + retiform purpura
4) favor areas of trauma/adipose
5) bullae or dusty gray color can develop -> imminent tissue necrosis -> ulcerations + black eschars, surrounding subcutaneous induration
6) Death from secondary infection + sepsis or internal organ involvement
6) Cause not fully known - underlying metabolic dysfunction of serum calcium/phosphate
7) sensitizer and challenger
8) can follow subcutaneous insulin, heparin, biopsy, debridement
9) Risk factors: obesity, hypercoagulubility (protein C dusfx, anti phospholipid abs, DM, female, liver disease, warfarin)

Question 11

Histopathology of calciphylaxis

Answer 11

Question 12

Treatment if calciphylaxis

Answer 12

Question 13

Idiopathic calcification

Answer 13

1) idiopathic calcified nodules of the scrotum
2) subepidermal calcified nodule
3) Tumoral calcinosis
4) milia-like calcinosis

Question 14

idiopathic caclcified nodules of the scrotum

Answer 14

Question 15

Algorithm for the evaluation of cutaneous or subcutaneous ossification

Answer 15

Question 16

Subepidermal calcified nodule

Answer 16

Question 17

Tumoral calcinosis

Question 18

milia like calcinosis

Answer 18

Question 19

Iatrogenic calcification

Answer 19

Question 20

Secondary cutaneous ossification

Answer 20

Question 21

Miliary osteomas of face

Answer 21

Question 22

Osteoma cutis

Answer 22

Question 23

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

Answer 23

Question 24

Progressive osseous hyperplasia

Answer 24

Question 25

plate like osteoma cutis

Answer 25

Question 26

Albright hereditary osteodystrophy

Answer 26

Question 27

Laboratory evaluations of patients with cutanoeus calcification/ossification

Answer 27