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[GCSE OCR] Latin Prose Literature (Caesar, Tacitus and Cicero) > Caesar: Bravery and Strategy in Battle > Flashcards

Caesar: Bravery and Strategy in Battle Flashcards

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1
Q

erant in ea legione fortissimi viri,

Sentence 1 (Part 1/2)

A

There were in that legion two very brave men,

Sentence 1 (Part 1/2)

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2
Q

centuriones, qui primis ordinibus appropinquarent, Titus Pullo et Lucius Vorenus.

Sentence 1 (Part 2/2)

A

centurions, of the type to approach the first ranks, Titus Pullo and Lucius Vorenus.

Sentence 1 (Part 2/2)

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3
Q

hi perpetuas inter se controversias habebant, quinam anteferretur,

Sentence 2 (Part 1/2)

A

These men were used to having continuous disputes among themselves as to who should be preferred,

Sentence 2 (Part 1/2)

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4
Q

omnibusque annis de locis summis simultatibus contendebant.

Sentence 2 (Part 2/2)

A

and in all the years of their service they were contending for the highest posts with extreme rivalry.

Sentence 2 (Part 2/2)

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5
Q

ex his Pullo, cum acerrime ad munitiones pugnaretur, “quid dubitas,” inquit, “Vorene?

Sentence 3 (Part 1/2)

A

One of these men, Pullo, when there was very fierce fighting near the fortifications he said,

“Why are you hesitating, Vorenus?

Sentence 3 (Part 1/2)

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6
Q

aut quem locum tuae pro laude virtutis spectas? hic dies de nostris controversiis iudicabit’

Sentence 3 (Part 2/2)

A

Or are you looking for the opportunity which will merit praise for your valour? This day will decide our disputes.”

Sentence 3 (Part 2/2)

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7
Q

haec cum dixisset, procedit extra munitiones, quaeque pars hostium confertissima est visa irrumpit.

Sentence 4 (Part 1/1)

A

When he had said these words, he advanced outside the fortifications, and burst into that part of the enemy which seemed the densest.

Sentence 4 (Part 1/1)

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8
Q

ne Vorenus quidem sese vallo continet sed omnium veritus existimationem subsequitur.

Sentence 5 (Part 1/1)

A

Not even Vorenus kept himself within the rampart, but followed, fearing what everyone would think about him if he stayed there.

Sentence 5 (Part 1/1)

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9
Q

tum mediocri spatio relicto Pullo pilum in hostes immittit

Sentence 6 (Part 1/5)

A

Then having left a moderate distance between himself and the enemy, Pullo sent his javelin into the enemy

Sentence 6 (Part 1/5)

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10
Q

atque unum ex multitudine procurrentem traicit;

Sentence 6 (Part 2/5)

A

and pierced one of them as he was running forward out of the crowd;

Sentence 6 (Part 2/5)

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11
Q

quo percusso et exanimato,

Sentence 6 (Part 3/5)

A

who when he was hit and knocked unconscious,

Sentence 6 (Part 3/5)

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12
Q

hunc scutis protegunt,

Sentence 6 (Part 4/5)

A

the Gauls protected him with their shields,

Sentence 6 (Part 4/5)

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13
Q

in hostem tela universi coiciunt neque dant regrediendi facultatem.

Sentence 6 (Part 5/5)

A

they all threw together their spears at their enemy (Pullo) and did not give him the opportunity to retreat.

Sentence 6 (Part 5/5)

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14
Q

transfigitur scutum Pulloni et verutum in balteo defigitur.

Sentence 7 (Part 1/1)

A

Pullo’s shield was pierced through and a short throwing spear was thrust into his belt.

Sentence 7 (Part 1/1)

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15
Q

avertit hic casus vaginam

Sentence 8 (Part 1/3)

A

This event knocked his scabbard aside

Sentence 8 (Part 1/3)

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16
Q

et gladium educere conanti dextram moratur manum,

Sentence 8 (Part 2/3)

A

and hindered his right hand as he tried to draw his sword;

Sentence 8 (Part 2/3)

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17
Q

impeditumque hostes circumsistunt.

Sentence 8 (Part 3/3)

A

and as he was impeded the enemy surrounded him.

Sentence 8 (Part 3/3)

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18
Q

succurrit inimicus illi Vorenus et laboranti subvenit.

Sentence 9 (Part 1/1)

A

His rival Vorenus ran to Pullo’s aid and helped him in his distress.

Sentence 9 (Part 1/1)

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19
Q

ad hunc se confestim a Pullone omnis multitudo convertit;

Sentence 10 (Part 1/2)

A

The whole crowd of the enemy turned away from Pullo onto Vorenus;

Sentence 10 (Part 1/2)

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20
Q

illum veruto arbitrantur occisum.

Sentence 10 (Part 2/2)

A

thinking that Pullo had been killed by the throwing spear.

Sentence 10 (Part 2/2)

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21
Q

gladio comminus rem gerit Vorenus

Sentence 11 (Part 1/4)

A

Vorenus carried on the fight at close quarters with his sword

Sentence 11 (Part 1/4)

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22
Q

atque uno interfecto, reliquos paulum propellit;

Sentence 11 (Part 2/4)

A

and, having killed one, he drove off the rest back a little;

Sentence 11 (Part 2/4)

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23
Q

dum cupidius instat,

Sentence 11 (Part 3/4)

A

while he pressed on the enemy too eagerly,

Sentence 11 (Part 3/4)

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24
Q

in locum deiectus inferiorem concidit.

Sentence 11 (Part 4/4)

A

he was thrown down and fell into a lower piece of ground.

Sentence 11 (Part 4/4)

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25
Q

huic rursus circumvento fert subsidium Pullo,

Sentence 12 (Part 1/2)

A

As Vorenus was surrounded again, Pullo brought relief to him

Sentence 12 (Part 1/2)

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26
Q

atque ambo incolumes compluribus interfectis summa cum laude sese intra munitiones recipiunt.

Sentence 12 (Part 2/2)

A

and having killed several of the enemy, unharmed, they both retreated safely with the greatest praise back inside the fortifications.

Sentence 12 (Part 2/2)

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27
Q

sic fortuna in contentione et certamine utrumque versavit,

Sentence 13 (Part 1/3)

A

In such a way fortune delt with both men in their rivalry and the fight,

Sentence 13 (Part 1/3)

28
Q

ut alter alteri inimicus auxilio salutique esset,

Sentence 13 (Part 2/3)

A

that one who was the enemy of the other was able to help and bring him to safety

Sentence 13 (Part 2/3)

29
Q

neque diiudicari posset, uter utri virtute anteferendus videretur.

Sentence 13 (Part 3/3)

A

and it could not be determined which of the two seemed preferable in virtue

Sentence 13 (Part 3/3)

30
Q

quanto erat in dies gravior atque asperior oppugnatio,

Sentence 14 (Part 1/5)

A

The more serious and more desparate the siege was daily,

Sentence 14 (Part 1/5)

31
Q

et maxime quod res ad paucitatem defensorum pervenerat,

Sentence 14 (Part 2/5)

A

and especially because a small number of defenders had resulted,

Sentence 14 (Part 2/5)

32
Q

magna parte militum confecta vulneribus

Sentence 14 (Part 3/5)

A

as a large number of the soldiers were exhausted by their wounds,

Sentence 14 (Part 3/5)

33
Q

tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur;

Sentence 14 (Part 4/5)

A

the more frequently letters and messengers were being sent to Caesar;

Sentence 14 (Part 4/5)

34
Q

quorum pars deprehensa in conspectu nostrorum militum cum cruciatu necabatur.

Sentence 14 (Part 5/5)

A

a few of these were seized and tortured to death in sight of our own soldiers.

Sentence 14 (Part 5/5)

35
Q

erat unus intus Nervius nomine Vertico,

Sentence 15 (Part 1/4)

A

Inside the camp there was one Nervian named Vertico,

Sentence 15 (Part 1/4)

36
Q

loco natus honesto,

Sentence 15 (Part 2/4)

A

born of a noble family,

Sentence 15 (Part 2/4)

37
Q

qui a prima obsidione ad Ciceronem perfugerat,

Sentence 15 (Part 3/4)

A

who had fled to Cicero at the beginning of the siege

Sentence 15 (Part 3/4)

38
Q

suamque ei fidem praestiterat.

Sentence 15 (Part 4/4)

A

and had proved his loyalty to him.

Sentence 15 (Part 4/4)

39
Q

hic servo spe libertatis magnisque persuadet praemiis,

Sentence 16 (Part 1/2)

A

This man persuaded a slave with the hope of his freedom and of great rewards

Sentence 16 (Part 1/2)

40
Q

ut litteras ad Caesarem deferat.

Sentence 16 (Part 2/2)

A

to deliver a letter to Caesar.

Sentence 16 (Part 2/2)

41
Q

has ille in iaculo illigatas effert

Sentence 17 (Part 1/2)

A

The slave carried this letter tied on a javelin,

Sentence 17 (Part 1/2)

42
Q

et Gallus inter Gallos sine ulla suspicione versatus ad Caesarem pervenit.

Sentence 17 (Part 2/2)

A

and being a Gaul, moving among the Gauls without rousing any suspicions, he made his way to Caesar.

Sentence 17 (Part 2/2)

43
Q

ab eo de periculis Ciceronis legionisque cognoscitur.

Sentence 18 (Part 1/1)

A

From the slave, the facts became known about the dangers facing Cicero and the legion.

Sentence 18 (Part 1/1)

44
Q

venit magnis itineribus in Nerviorum fines.

Sentence 19 (Part 1/1)

A

He (Caesar) came by means of forced marches into the terrirory of the Nervii.

Sentence 19 (Part 1/1)

45
Q

ibi ex captivis cognoscit,

Sentence 20 (Part 1/3)

A

There he found out from prisoners

Sentence 20 (Part 1/3)

46
Q

quae apud Ciceronem gerantur,

Sentence 20 (Part 2/3)

A

what was taking place in Cicero’s camp,

Sentence 20 (Part 2/3)

47
Q

quantoque in periculo res sit.

Sentence 20 (Part 3/3)

A

and in how much danger the situation was.

Sentence 20 (Part 3/3)

48
Q

tum cuidam ex equitibus Gallis magnis praemiis persuadet

Sentence 21 (Part 1/2)

A

Then he persuaded one of the Gallic cavalrymen with great rewards

Sentence 21 (Part 1/2)

49
Q

uti ad Ciceronem epistolam deferat.

Sentence 21 (Part 2/2)

A

to carry a letter to Cicero.

Sentence 21 (Part 2/2)

50
Q

hanc Graecis conscriptam litteris mittit,

Sentence 22 (Part 1/2)

A

He sent this letter written in Greek letters,

Sentence 22 (Part 1/2)

51
Q

ne intercepta epistola nostra ab hostibus consilia cognoscantur.

Sentence 22 (Part 2/2)

A

lest the letter was intercepted by the enemy and they found out about our plans.

Sentence 22 (Part 2/2)

52
Q

si adire non possit,

Sentence 23 (Part 1/2)

A

If he (the messenger) was unable to approach Cicero’s camp,

Sentence 23 (Part 1/2)

53
Q

monet ut tragulam cum epistola ad amentum deligata intra munitionem castrorum abiciat.

Sentence 23 (Part 2/2)

A

Caesar advised him to throw a spear inside the fortification of the camp with the letter tied fastened to the strap.

Sentence 23 (Part 2/2)

54
Q

in litteris scribit

Sentence 24 (Part 1/3)

A

In the letter he wrote

Sentence 24 (Part 1/3)

55
Q

se cum legionibus profectum celeriter adfore;

Sentence 24 (Part 2/3)

A

that he had set out with the leigons and would be there quickly;

Sentence 24 (Part 2/3)

56
Q

hortatur ut pristinam virtutem retineat.

Sentence 24 (Part 3/3)

A

he urged Cicero to maintain his former courage.

Sentence 24 (Part 3/3)

57
Q

Gallus periculum veritus, ut erat praeceptum, tragulam mittit.

Sentence 25 (Part 1/1)

A

The Gaul, fearing danger, threw the spear as he had been instructed.

Sentence 25 (Part 1/1)

58
Q

haec casu ad turrim adhaesit

Sentence 26 (Part 1/4)

A

By chance this stuck to a tower,

Sentence 26 (Part 1/4)

59
Q

neque ab nostris biduo

Sentence 26 (Part 2/4)

A

and, unnoticed by our men for two days,

Sentence 26 (Part 2/4)

60
Q

animadversa tertio die a quodam milite conspicitur,

Sentence 26 (Part 3/4)

A

was seen by a certain soldier on the third day,

Sentence 26 (Part 3/4)

61
Q

dempta ad Ciceronem defertur.

Sentence 26 (Part 4/4)

A

taken down and carried to Cicero.

Sentence 26 (Part 4/4)

62
Q

ille perlectam in conventu militum recitat,

Sentence 27 (Part 1/2)

A

He (Cicero) perused the letter and read it out in an assembly of the soldiers

Sentence 27 (Part 1/2)

63
Q

maximaque omnes laetitia adficit.

Sentence 27 (Part 2/2)

A

and filled everyone with great joy.

Sentence 27 (Part 2/2)

64
Q

tum fumi incendiorum procul videbantur,

Sentence 28 (Part 1/2)

A

Then the smoke of the campfires was seen at a distance,

Sentence 28 (Part 1/2)

65
Q

quae res omnem dubitationem adventus legionum expulit.

Sentence 28 (Part 2/2)

A

which banished all doubts on the matter about the arrival of the legions.

Sentence 28 (Part 2/2)

[GCSE OCR] Latin Prose Literature (Caesar, Tacitus and Cicero) (6 decks)

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