Cadences, Motives, Phrases And Periods

Question 1

Cadence is…

Answer 1

A series of chords in a progression that indicate closure of a musical statement or phrase

Question 2

Authentic Cadence

Answer 2

V or viidim moving to the tonic at a cadential point. Both can be in root or inversion but viidim is usually in inversion.

Question 3

Perfect Authentic Cadence

Answer 3

V (V7) to I, V has to be used, both in root position and the tonic of the I is in the soprano voice.

Question 4

Imperfect Authentic Cadence (IAC)

Answer 4

Similar to PAC but useful in ending musical statements in the middle of sections. Can use viidim instead of V, chords are in an inversion, tonic is not found in the soprano voice

Question 5

Half Cadence (HC)

Answer 5

Located at the end of a phrase. Ends with a V chord. Can be preceded by any other chord.

Question 6

Deceptive Cadence (DC)

Answer 6

You expect to hear a V-I cadence but don’t go to the I. It’s common to go to the vi (submediant). Can extend a few more measure before finally going to the tonic.

Question 7

Plagal Cadence (PC)

Answer 7

“AMEN” Cadence. Subdominant functioning chord passes directly to the tonic. IV-I. Very end of a composition. Preceded by a perfect authentic cadence.

Question 8

Plagal Half (PHC)

Answer 8

Rare cadence. And considered weak. Can be a I-IV progression. Can be a good technique for call and answer statements.

Question 9

How to classify cadences?

Answer 9

Either as conclusive : AC and PC or progressive : DC and HC

Question 10

Motive

Answer 10

Aka a Motif or figure. The smallest musical idea that can be distinctly identified: pitch, rhythmic, pitch/rhythmic. Can be 2-12 notes long.

Question 11

Phrase

Answer 11

Independent musical idea concluded by a cadence. Grouped 2-4 measures. (Can be dissected into sub-phrases)

Question 12

Period

Answer 12

Two well-constructed phrases put together. Call and answer or antecedent and consequent.

Question 13

Regular vs Irregular Phrases

Answer 13

Regular = 4 measures
Irregular = 2-8 measures
Labeled as lowercase letters: a, b, c, etc.

Question 14

Parallel Period

Answer 14

When both phrases begin with similar or have identical material. a or a’ (a prime)
1-3 measures long

Question 15

Contrasting Period

Answer 15

Phrase beginnings are different

Question 16

There Phrase Period

Answer 16

Three different phrases. Phrase Group.
Antecedent-Consequent-Antecedent
Consequent-Antecedent-Consequent
First two phrases ending with half cadences.

Question 17

Double Period

Answer 17

4 phrases in two pairs.
First period: HC or IAC
Second period: IAC or PAC