CAD pt 2 Flashcards
What is it called when myocardial cells die from lack of oxygen
myocardial infarction
What will myocardial infarction lead to
- Heart muscle damage
- Heart muscle death
- Myocardial scarring without heart muscle regrowth
What happens when a coronary artery is occluded
reduced perfusion causes a decline in function, and an abnormal ECG - myocardial O2 supply-demand mismatch
What are the two basic types of acute myocardial infarction
- Transmural
- Nontransmural (subendocardial)
What is present with a transmural inarction
Definite area of akinesis and wall thinning
Transmural infarcts extend through the whole thickness of the heart muscle and are usually a result of
complete occlusion of the areas blood supply
Which infartion involves a small area in teh subendocardial wall of teh Lt ventricle, ventricular septum, or pap muscles
Non-transmural infartion
The ____ area is farthest from the hearts blood supply
Subendocardial
Non-transmural infarctions may result in a lesser degree of wall thinning and ____ rather than akinesis
hypokinesis
What is direct evidence of myocardial ischemia
In the presence of chest pain and EKG changes detection of a regional wall motion abnormality
With acute infarction wall thickness is normal but ____ and ____ are reduced or absent
Systolic wall thickening
Endocardial motion
What are risk factors for myocardial infaction
- Diabetes
- High blood pressure
- Obesity
- Chronic kidney disease
- Heart failure
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Abuse of certain drugs
Symptomsof myocardial infarction
- Sudden chest pain
- Shortness of breath
- Nausea, vomiting
- Palpatations
- Sweating
- Anxiety
What are the sub-classifications of a myocardial infarction
- ST elevation MI (STEMI)
- non-ST elevation MI (non-STEMI)
Troponin tests measures
The levels of one of two proteins, troponin T or troponin I in a blood sample
When are troponin proteins released
When the heart muscle has been damaged
The more damage to the heart the greater the amount of troponin
An increase in troponin level, even a slight one usually means
there has been damage to the heart
Significantly high levels of troponin are a sign that
a heart attack has occured
Most pts who have had a heart attack have increased troponin levels within ___ hours
6
Troponin levels may remain high for __to__ weeks after a heart attack
1 - 2
