Cables and Connectors Flashcards
Phone Cable
Connector: RJ11
dial up connection
2 pairs of twisted cable ( a total of 4 wires)
Cat 3
Connector: RJ45
designed for 10 megabit Ethernet or 16 megabit token ring
Cat 5
Connector: RJ45
supports 100 megabit Ethernet and ATM networking
also supports gigabit (1000 Mb) ethernet
Cat 5e
Connector: RJ45
provides better EMI protection than Cat 5
Cat 6
Connector: RJ45
Supports 10 Gbps Ethernet and high-bandwidth, broadband communications
Cat 6 cables often include a solid plastic core that keeps the twisted pairs separate and prevents he cable from being ben too tightly
Cat 6a
Connector: RJ45
Designed to provide EMI protection than Cat 6.
Cat 6a provides better performance than Cat 6 especially when used with 10Gbps Ethernet
RJ11
- Has 4 connectors
- Supports up to 2 pair of wires
- Uses a locking tab to keep connector secure in outlet
- Used primarily for telephone wiring
RJ45
- Has 8 connectors
- Supports up to 4 pairs of wires
- Uses a locking tab to keep connector secure in outlet
- Used for Ethernet & some token ring connections
RJ48c
identical to RJ45 but is used for specific WAN connections such as a T1 line, and is wired differently
Twisted pair
supports a wide variety of fast, modern network standards
Facts about twisted pair
- 2 wires cay data signals ( 1 conductor carries positive signal other carries negative)
- PVC or plenum plastic insulation surrounds each wire
- Plenum is used when wiring above ceiling tile (fire resistant & non toxic)
- PVC can’t be used above ceiling ( toxic when burned)
- 2 wires are twisted to reduce EMI and crosstalk (since wires are twisted EMI affects both wires equally and should be cancelled out)
- Can be classified by the outer sheath as STP or UTP
- STP ha a grounded outer copper shield around the bundle of twisted pairs and around each pair that provides added protection against EMI
- UTP doesn’t have a grounded outer copper shield. (they are easier to work with and less expensive than shielded cables)
Coaxial cable Facts
- Older technology that is usually implemented with a bus topology.
- Not suitable for ring or star because the ends of the cable must be terminated.
- It is composed of two conductors that share a common axis within a single cable
Coaxial cable components
- Two concentric metallic conductors
- inner conductor carries data signal(made of copper or cooper coated tin).
- mesh connector is second physical channel that also grounds the cable. (made of aluminum or cct)
- Insulator that surrounds the inner conductor that keeps the signal separated from the mesh conductor (made of PVC plastic)
- A mesh conductor that surrounds the insulator and grounds the cable. (made of aluminum or cct)
- Cable encasement that surrounds and protects the wire ( made of PVC plastic)
Coaxial advantages
- Highly resistant to EMI
* Highly resistant to physical damage
Coaxial disadvantages
- More expensive than UTP
- Inflexible construction ( more difficult to install)
- Unsupported by newer networking standards
RG-58
- 10Base2 Ethernet networking (also called thinnet)
* Resistance Rating: 50 ohms
RG-59
- Cable TV and cable networking
* Resistance Rating: 75 ohms
RG-6
- Cable TV, satellite TV, and cable networking
- less signal loss than RG-59 better choice for networking application especially when longer distance are involved
- Resistance Rating: 75 ohms
RG-8
- 10Base5 Ethernet networking (also called Thicknet)
* Resistance Rating: 50 ohms
F - Type
- Twisted onto the cable
- Used to create cable and satellite TV connections
- Used to connect a cable modem to a broadband cable connection
BNC
- Molded onto the cable
* Used in 10Base2 Ethernet networks
AUI
- Is a DB15 serial connector
* Used in 10Base5 Ethernet networks
DB25
- has 25 pins arranged in two rows (top row 13 lower row 12)
* used for parallel, RS-232 serial, or SCSI aplications
Fiber Optic Facts
- On strand transmits signal and the other receives
- The core carries the signal (made of plastic or glass)
- Cladding maintains the single in the center of the core as the cable bends
- The sheathing protects the cladding and the core
Fiber Optic Advantages
- Totally immune to EMI
- Highly resistance to eavesdropping
- Supports extremely high data transmission rates
- Allows greater cable distances without a repeater
Fiber Optic Disadvantages
- Very expensive
- Difficult to work with
- Special training required to attach connectors to cables
Single Mode
- Uses lasers
- Data transfers through the core using a single light ray (ray also called a mode)
- Core diameter is around 10 microns
- At distances up to 3km, single mode delivers dat rates up to 10 Gbps.
- Cable lengths can extend a great distance
Multimode
- Uses LEDs
- Data transfers through the core using multiple light rays
- Core diameter is around 50 to 100 microns
- At distances of under 2km, it delivers dat rates up to 1 Gbps
- Cable lengths are limited in distance
Straight-through cable
Computers connect to the network through a hub or switch with a straight through cable. There are two standards for creating them.
ST Connector
10
SC Connector
20
LC Connector
30
MT-RJ Connector
40
FC Connector
50
Fiber Coupler
60
T568A
Pin Order 1-8: GW, G, OW, B, BW, O, BrW, Br
T568B
Pin Order 1-8: OW, O, GW, B, BW, G, BrW, Br
Crossover Cable
- Computers can directly connect to each other with this cable
- Use T568A in the first connector and T568B in the second connector to create a crossover cable
Ethernet specification pins
- Pin 1: Tx+
- Pin 2: Tx-
- Pin 3: Rx+
- Pin 4: Unused
- Pin 5: Unused
- Pin 6: Rx-
- Pin 7: Unused
- Pin 8: Unused
- Tx = transmit signal Rx = receiving signal
Demarcation Point (demare)
- When you contract with a local exchange carrier (LEC) for data or telephone services, they install a physical cable and a termination jack onto your premises.
- Demarcation point is the line that marks the boundary between the telco equipment and the private network or telephone system
Demarcation Point Facts
- LEC is responsible for all equipment on one side of the demarc and the customer is responsible for equipment on the other side
- demarc is also called minimum point of entry (MPOE) or the end user point of termination (EU-POT)
- Is typically located on the bottom floor of a building, just inside the building. For residential service it is often a small box on the outside of the house
- For business installation it is identified by an orange plastic cover on the wiring component
Main Distribution Frame (MDF)
- Main wiring point for a building
- Usually located on bottom floor or basement
- LEC typically installs the demarc to the MDF
Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF)
- Smaller wiring distribution point within a building
- Typically located on each floor directly above the MDF
- Additional IDF’s can be added to each floor as necessary
Demarc Extension
Extends the demarcation point from its original location to another location within the building
Demarc Extension Facts
- Usually consists of a single wire bundle that attaches to the existing demarc and supplies a termination point to a different location
- Might need if your network occupies an upper floor of a building
- Need to place demarc into the IDF on your floor
- You are responsible for installing the extensions
Vertical cross connect
- Connects the MDF on the main floor to IDFs on upper floors
* Cabling runs vertically between the MDF and the IDFs
Horizontal cross connect
- Connects IDFs on the same floor
* Cabling runs horizontally between the IDFs
