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Nursing Fundamentals > C9- Elimination Urinary System > Flashcards

C9- Elimination Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Anuria

A

24 hour urine output is less than 50mL

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2
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful or difficult urination

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3
Q

Frequency: urinary problems definition

A

Increased incidence of voiding

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4
Q

Glycosuria

A

Presence of sugar in the urine

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5
Q

Hematuria

A

Blood in the urine

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6
Q

Nocturia

A

Awakening at night to urinate

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7
Q

Oliguria

A

Scanty or greatly diminished amount of urine voided in a given time

24hr output is less than 400mL

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8
Q

Polyuria

A

Excessive output of urine

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9
Q

Proteinuria

A

Protein in the urine, indication of kidney disease

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10
Q

Pyuria

A

Pus in the urine

Urine appears cloudy

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11
Q

Urgency

A

Strong desire to void

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12
Q

Urinary incontinence

A

Involuntary loss of urine

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13
Q

Stress incontinence

A

Increase Intra-abdominal pressure
-sneeze, cough, laugh, physical activity
-pregnancy, menopause, obesity, chronic constipation

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14
Q

Urge incontinence

A

Gotta go!! Frequent urge
-loss of urine before reaching toilet
-cause:
-infection
-loss of bladder tone d/t catheter

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15
Q

Overflow incontinence

A

Overdistention and overflow of bladder
-signal to empty may be absent
-bladder fills, dribbling occurs
-Causes:
-2nd to drugs
-fecal impactions
-neuro problems

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16
Q

Reflex Incontinence

A

Bladder empties without sensation of need to void

Causes:
-spinal cord injury

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17
Q

Functional incontinence

A

Loss of urine d/t inability to reach bathroom
-environmental barriers
-physical limitations
-loss of memory
-disorientation

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18
Q

Total Incontinence

A

Continuous, unpredictable loss of urine
Causes:
-surgery
-trauma
-anatomical abnormality

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19
Q

Normal Urine volume

A

Average output= 1500-3000mL/day

SHOULD BE EQUIVALENT TO INTAKE

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20
Q

Normal Urine appearance/turbidity

A

Clear or translucent

Cloudiness is abnormal- d/t cells or particulate

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21
Q

Normal Urine color

A

Pale yellow

Abnormal=
-straw colored
-amber colored
-depends on the concentration

22
Q

Normal urine odor

A

Aromatic

Ammonia odor is due to bacterial action

23
Q

pH of normal urine

A

Range of 4.6-8.0. = NORMALLY AROUND 6

Acidic urine blocks bacterial growth and caluli

24
Q

Specific gravity of normal urine

A

Normal range is 1.015-1.025

25
Q

Normal protein levels in urine

A

Negative or trace amounts

Positive = renal disease

26
Q

Normal glucose in urine

A

Negative

If positive = diabetes mellitus DM

27
Q

Normal ketones in urine

A

Negative

Ketonuria= diabetic Kerosins or starvation

28
Q

Specific gravity test

A

Compares the density of urine to the density of water

The higher the number = the more dehydrated

29
Q

Dark amber urine cause

A

Dehydration

30
Q

Brown urine cause

A

Liver/gallbladder disease

31
Q

Red-brown urine cause

A

Blood in urine

32
Q

Orange, green, blue urine cause

A

Medications, dyes

33
Q

> 3000mL abnormal urine output cause

A

Diuretics
Diabetes
High fluid intake

34
Q

<400mL urine output cause

A

Kidney dysfunction
Excessive fluid loss
Low fluid intake

35
Q

Urinalysis (UA) Tests:

A

Color, odor, RBC’s/WBC’s, pH, glucose, ketones, protein, nitrates, bacteria

36
Q

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) normal range

A

7-20 mg/dL

37
Q

Serum Creatinine normal range

A

0.8-1.4 mg/dL

Elevation indicates renal insufficiency

38
Q

Physical assessment for urinary complications

A

Weigh client
-best indicator of fluid status
Assess I & O
Vital signs
Assess mucous membrane moisture
Assess skin turgor
Bladder assessment

39
Q

Order of nursing physical assessment (nursing)

A

Inspection
-abdomen (note distention if any)
Palpating
-tenderness distention, height of bladder
-urinary retention
Bedside bladder scanner
-ultrasound image of bladder
-urine volume present
(PVR of <50mL= normal bladder emptying)
(PVR of >100mL = not emptying correctly)

40
Q

Inspection urinary nursing assessment

A

Abdomen
Urinary meatus and genitalia
-inflammation, discharge, tissue integrity
Perineum and scrotum
-skin integrity
-edema
-Prolapse of bladder or uterus
-loss of pelvic muscle tone
-incomplete emptying of bladder

41
Q

Palpation urinary nursing assessment

A

Tenderness
Distention
Height of bladder
(Urinary retention)

42
Q

Bedside bladder scanner nursing assessment

A

Ultrasound image of bladder
-urine volume present
Assess postvoid residual
-PVR of <50mL= normal bladder emptying
-PVR of >100mL= abnormal bladder emptying (not emptying completely)

43
Q

Promoting Normal Urination

A

Maintain /develop voiding habits
Promote fluid intake
Strengthen muscle tone
-pelvic floor muscle training
Stimulate urination
-prevent retention
Assist with toileting

44
Q

Continence/bladder training

A

Timed voiding based on log
Set ties
Voiding every 2hrs
Assist with toileting

45
Q

Kegel exercises

A

Stress incontinence
Strengthen pelvic floor muscles

46
Q

Crede’s maneuver

A

Overflow incontinence
During voiding:
-lean forward
-apply light pressure over bladder to complete emptying

47
Q

Cutaneous triggering

A

Reflex incontinence
lightly stroke pubic or thigh skin

48
Q

Delayed urination

A

Urge incontinence
when urge occurs, hold 5mins before voiding
gradually lengthen time
eventually 3-4hrs

49
Q

Anticolinergics

A

Relax smooth muscle of bladder
Decrease bladder muscle contraction
May increase capacity and decrease urge

50
Q

Cutaneous ureterostomy

A

Ureters directed through abdominal wall and attached to opening in skin

Usually permanent

51
Q

Ileal conduit

A

Ureters drain from stoma
created from intestine
Ostomy bag
continuously draining urine

52
Q

Continent rivalry diversion CUD

A

Ureters diverted into a segment of ileum and cecum
uses section of intestine to create internal reservoir that holds urine
Catheterizable stoma
needs to be done at regular intervals

Nursing Fundamentals (8 decks)

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